Facebook dan Media Massa: Keberkesanan dalam Menyampaikan Mesej Alam Sekitar kepada Masyarakat (Facebook and Mass Media: The Effective Delivery of Environmental Messages to Society)
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Isu-isu alam sekitar seperti pemanasan global, pencemaran serta pengurangan sumber semulajadi menjadi kebimbangan utama pada masa kini berbanding dengan masa dahulu. Isu-isu sebegini mengancam kehidupan manusia dan organisma hidup yang lain. Dalam menangani masalah ini, badan bukan kerajaan alam sekitar (ENGO) memainkan peranan penting bagi menyampaikan maklumat dan mendidik masyarakat untuk memelihara dan memulihara alam sekitar demi kesejahteraan bersama. Kajian ini membincangkan pendekatan yang digunakan oleh ENGO dalam mengumpul dan menyampaikan mesej alam sekitar kepada masyarakat di Malaysia. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk memahami interaksi sosial di antara ENGO dengan masyarakat; dan untuk mengenalpasti dan memahami peranan Facebook dalam menyampaikan mesej alam sekitar secara berkesan. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan lima prinsip Teori Komunikasi Dialogik yang diperkenalkan oleh Martin Buber untuk mengukur keberkesanan interaksi interpersonal di antara ENGO dengan masyarakat. Kaedah kualitatif melalui temu bual mendalam telah dijalankan untuk mendapatkan data daripada dua belas ENGO di Malaysia. Kajian ini mendapati, kebanyakan ENGO di Malaysia tidak mengoptimumkan penggunaan media sosial dan media massa dalam menyampaikan maklumat alam sekitar. Hasil kajian juga mendapati, Facebook menjadi medium pilihan ENGO dalam menyampaikan mesej alam sekitar secara berkesan kepada masyarakat kerana kos penggunaannya adalah rendah dan mungkin percuma. Dengan menggunakan Facebook, ENGO boleh mencapai khalayak yang ramai di samping ia bersifat lebih fleksibel dan yang lebih penting interaksi yang lebih kerap boleh berlaku di antara ENGO dengan masyarakat awam.
Kata kunci: Facebook; media massa; Badan Bukan Kerajaan Alam Sekitar (ENGO); Teori Komunikasi Dialogik; alam sekitar
ABSTRACT
Environmental issues such as the raising global climate, pollution and the scarcity of natural resources has becoming a major concern today than it was ever before. These tribulations threaten the life of humans and other forms of life. In dealing with these problems, Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (ENGO) plays an important role to disseminate information and educate society on how to maintain and conserve environment for the betterment. This paper discusses the ENGO’s approaches to collect and disseminate messages related to environment to society in Malaysia. The objectives are to understand social interaction between ENGO’s and society; to identify and understand Facebook role in delivering environmental messages effectively. This study applied five principles of Dialogic Communication Theory introduced by Martin Buber to gauge interpersonal interaction effectiveness between ENGO’s and society. Qualitative method of in-depth interview was carried out to obtained data from twelve ENGO in Malaysia. This study concludes that majority of Malaysian ENGO do not maximize the usage of social and mass media to disseminate information related to environment. Results also indicate that Facebook remain as favorites medium for ENGO to deliver environmental messages effectively to public because of the low to zero cost expenses. By using Facebook ENGO can reach wider audiences, flexibility of the medium and most importantly high interactivity that occurred between ENGO and the general public.
Keywords: Facebook; masss media; Environmental Non-Governmental Organisation (ENGO); Dialogic Communication Theory; environment
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmad Mahdzan Ayob. 2005. Kaedah Penyelidikan Sosioekonomi. Edisi Ketiga. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Ahmad Munawar Ismail & Mohd Nor Shahizan Ali. 2011. Media penyiaran: Impikasinya dalam pembetukan akhlak penuntut-penuntut Melayu di Sekolah Menengah Kebangssan di Malaysia. Akademika 81(3): 3-8.
Alexa.com. 2012. Peta Dunia Laman Jaringan Sosial yang Digunakan Mengikut Negara diseluruh Dunia sehingga bulan Disember 2012. www.alexa.com/. Tarikh capaian: 6 March 2013.
Alexa.com. 2011. Senarai 100 Laman Web yang Sering Dilawati Oleh Pengguna Internet di Malaysia. http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/MY. Tarikh capaian: 26 November 2011.
Alhadath Ardian. 2003. Media massa dan transformasi sosial: Sebuah pengantar. Jurnal Civic 1(2): 11-26.
Berita Harian. 2010. Facebook cetus fenomena sedunia, berjaya bentuk ‘wilayah’ sendiri, 15 Jun 2010.
Birsen, H. & Birsen, O. 2012. How has environmental news coverage changed? Dlm. Communication and Environment: Sustainability and Risks, disunting oleh Hamidah Abd Hamid, Azman Azwan Azmawati,
Jamilah Hj Ahmad & Nik Norma Nik Hasan, 39-49. Penang: Penerbit USM.
Das, B. & Sahoo, J. S. 2011. Social networking sites – A critical analysis of its impact on personal and social life. International Journal of Business and Social Science 2(14): 222-228.
Duffy, A. & Momirov, J. 2011. Family violence: A Canadian introduction. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company Ltd Publishers.
Govindaraju, P., Ratnamala, V. & Prasad, N.V. 2012. The nature of coverage of environmental issues in the online editions of leading dailies from India. Dlm. Communication and Environment: Sustainability and Risks, disunting oleh Hamidah Abd Hamid, Azman Azwan Azmawati,
Jamilah Hj Ahmad & Nik Norma Nik Hasan, 187-195. Penang: Penerbit USM.
Gunter, S. K. 2011. Teach yourself Facebook. Indianapolis: Pearson Education.
Hanson, G., Haridakis, P.M., Cunningham, A.W., Sharma, R. & Ponder, J. D. 2010. The 2008 presidential campaign: Political cynicism in the age of Facebook, MySpace and YouTube. Journal Mass Communication and Society 13: 584-607.
Jamilah Hj Ahmad, Hasrina Mustafa, Hamidah Abd hamid & Juliana Abdul Wahab. 2011. Pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan masyarakat Malaysia terhadap isu alam sekitar. Akademika 81(3): 103-115.
Juliana Abdul Wahab & Nur ‘Aainaa Zulkiflie. 2012. Public understanding
towards environmental issues: A study on Malaysian television audience. Dlm. Communication and Environment: Sustainability and Risks, disunting oleh Hamidah Abd Hamid, Azman Azwan Azmawati, Jamilah Hj
Ahmad & Nik Norma Nik Hasan, 136-162. Penang: Penerbit USM.
Jason Wen Yau Lee, Beaumie Kim, Tuck Leong Lee & Mi Song Kim. 2012.
Uncovering the use of Facebook during the exchange program. China Media Research 8(4): 62-67.
Mariah Muda, Md. Salleh Hassan & Raihanah Khudri. 2004. Isu alam sekitar di dalam akhbar arus perdana di Malaysia. Jurnal Komunikasi 20: 17-37.
Mazer, J. P., Murphy, R. E. & Simonds, C.J. 2009. The effects of teacher self-disclosure via Facebook on teacher credibility. Journal Learning, Media and Technology 34(2): 175–183.
Mohd Shamsuriyadi Mamat. 2010. Guna Facebook secara positif. Utusan Malaysia. 17 Mac.
Mohd Yusof Hj Othman. 2010. Media dan isu alam sekitar. Jurnal Hadhari 2(2): 1-17.
Muhammad Rizal Razman, Abdul Samad Hadi, Jamaluddin Md Jahi, Shaharudin Idrus, Ahmad Fariz Mohamed & Abdul Hadi Harman Shah. 2011. Transformation for better living environment in urban region: Application of the principle of transboundary liability and the montreal protocol experiences. Akademika 81(2): 93-102.
Nik Norma Nik Hasan. 2008. Media, masyarakat dan alam sekitar. Utusan Malaysia. 23 Disember.
Rusnan Mustafa. 2012. Media tradisional terus unggul. Communications and Multimedia Consumer Forum of Malaysia (CFM). http://cfm.org.my/ms/media-watch/20120214/media-tradisional-terus-unggul. Tarikh capaian: 14 Februari 2012.
Sheldon, P. 2008. The Relationship Between Unwillingness-to-Communicate and Student’s Facebook Use. Journal of Media Psychology 20(2): 67–75.
Siti Ezaleila Mustafa & Azizah Hamzah. 2011. Media baharu yang baharu: Trend penggunaan jaringan sosial dalam kalangan pengguna di Malaysia. Jurnal Pengajian Media Malaysia 13(2): 93–110.
Socialbakers. 2012. Statistik bilangan masyarakat Malaysia yang menyertai Facebook sehingga November 2012. http://www.socialbakers.com/facebook- statistics/. Tarikh capaian: 26 November 2012.
Syahrir Mat Ali & Fatin Hasnan. 2009. Kesan aplikasi sosial maya. Kosmo, 23 Disember.
Taylor, M., Kent, M.L. & White, W.J. 2001. ‘How Activist Organisations are Using the Internet to Build Relationship’. Public Relations Review 27: 263-284.
Utusan Malaysia. 2012. Kesedaran alam sekitar. 3 Disember.
Zul Azmi Yaakob & Zailan Moris. 2012. Hak asasi manusia (Human rights) dalam menangani krisis alam sekitar: Perspektif Seyyed Hossein Nasr. International Journal of Islamic Thought 2: 80-90.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 0126-5008
eISSN: 0126-8694