Transformation of Muslim Behaviour towards Sustainable Environment: Perspectives of Non-Governmental Organisations in Klang Valley (Transformasi Tingkah Laku Muslim ke arah Kelestarian Alam Sekitar: Perspektif Pertubuhan Bukan Kerajaan di Lembah Klang)
Abstract
Man cannot depend solely on science and technology to solve environmental problems. In fact, scholars and environmentalists have observed that some of the causes of environmental deterioration are rooted in science and technology. It is clear that environmental problems need ethical solution. However, environmentally ethical behaviour (EEB) is often overlooked in the life of a Muslim. This behaviour is important, particularly, to ensure the future of civilization of the Islamic world and, generally, civilization as a whole. Given the fact that non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are more sensitive to the transformation of public behaviour compared to other groups, this article discusses the perspectives of Malaysian NGOs on the transformation of Muslim EEB in Malaysia in three aspects: (a) The type of EEB practiced by Muslims in Malaysia; (b) The transformation process of EEB experienced by Muslims in Malaysia; and (c) Whether or not the transformation of EEB of Muslims in Malaysia is motivated by the values advocated by Islam. The research adopted a qualitative research method of data collection, i.e., focus group discussions (FGDs). FGD’s results illustrated that: (a) Pre-cycling, reusing and recycling are the common types of EEB practiced by Muslims in Malaysia; (b) The transformation process of EEB experienced by Muslims in Malaysia is not accelerating at the speed that we hoped for; and (c) The transformation of EEB of Muslims in Malaysia is motivated more by economic and social factors as well as level of education and regulation enforcement compared to the values advocated by Islam.
Keywords: Muslims; environmentally ethical behavior; Islamic values; sustainable environment; non-governmental organizations
ABSTRAK
Manusia tidak boleh bergantung semata-mata kepada sains dan teknologi untuk menyelesaikan masalah alam sekitar. Malah, ramai sarjana berpendapat bahawa sebahagian daripada sebab-sebab kemerosotan alam sekitar berpunca daripada sains dan teknologi. Ini jelas menunjukkan bahawa masalah alam sekitar memerlukan penyelesaian yang lebih beretika. Walau bagaimanapun, tingkah laku beretika alam sekitar (EEB) sering diabaikan dalam kehidupan seorang Muslim. Tingkah laku ini adalah penting, terutamanya, untuk memastikan masa depan tamadun dunia Islam secara amnya, dan tamadun secara keseluruhannya. Secara faktanya, pertubuhan bukan kerajaan (NGO) lebih sensitif kepada perubahan tingkah laku orang awam berbanding dengan kumpulan-kumpulan lain, oleh itu, kertas kerja ini membincangkan perspektif NGO Malaysia terhadap transformasi EEB Muslim di Malaysia dalam tiga aspek: (a) Jenis EEB yang diamalkan oleh Muslim di Malaysia; (b) Proses transformasi EEB yang dilalui oleh Muslim di Malaysia; dan (c) Sama ada perubahan EEB Muslim di Malaysia adalah berasaskan nilai-nilai yang dianjurkan oleh Islam, atau berpunca daripada faktor-faktor lain. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kajian kualitatif dalam pengumpulan data, iaitu perbincangan kumpulan fokus (FGD). Hasil kajian FGD ini menunjukkan bahawa: (a) Pra-kitar semula, guna semula dan kitar semula adalah jenis EEB yang biasa diamalkan oleh Muslim di Malaysia; (b) Proses transformasi EEB yang dilalui oleh Muslim di Malaysia tidak mencapai tahap sepertimana yang kita harapkan; dan (c) Transformasi EEB Muslim di Malaysia adalah lebih dipengaruhi oleh kepentingan faktor ekonomi dan sosial serta tahap pendidikan dan penguatkuasaan undang-undang berbanding dengan nilai-nilai yang dianjurkan oleh Islam.
Kata kunci: Muslim; tingkah laku beretika alam sekitar; nilai-nilai Islam; kelestarian alam sekitar; pertubuhan bukan kerajaan
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