Kehidupan Adalah Perjalanan: Analisis Metafora Konseptual dalam Salina dan La Vie Devant Soi (Life is a Journey: An Analysis of Conceptual Metaphor in Salina and La Vie Devant Soi)
Abstract
Makalah ini membincangkan tentang kajian perbandingan metafora konseptual KEHIDUPAN ADALAH PERJALANAN yang dikesan dalam bahasa Melayu dan Perancis. Metafora konseptual membolehkan idea atau domain yang abstrak difahami melalui satu idea atau domain lain yang bersifat konkrit. Dua buah novel, satu novel bahasa Melayu dan satu novel bahasa Perancis menjadi sumber data bagi perbincangan dalam makalah ini. Proses pengenalpastian metafora daripada novel menerapkan pendekatan Prosedur Pengenalpastian Metafora di mana setiap unit leksikal daripada ujaran ini diteliti dengan cermat dan diperhalusi bagi memastikan ia bersifat metaforikal. Seterusnya, data berkenaan dibahagikan kepada tiga fokus yang berbeza iaitu individu, pemilihan dan implementasi, yang seterusnya dianalisis berdasarkan kerangka Teori Metafora Konseptual serta Teori Metafora Primer dan Kompleks. Hasil analisis mendapati data ini menunjukkan keserasian dengan kerangka teori yang digunakan dan wujudnya bbeberapa metafora primer dan metafora kompleks konvensional. Di samping itu, dapatan kajian mengukuhkan lagi Teori Metafora Primer dan Kompleks kerana dalam bahasa Melayu dan Perancis metafora konseptual KEHIDUPAN ADALAH PERJALANAN terbina daripada gabungan beberapa metafora primer dan juga kompleks. Situasi demikian didorong oleh pelbagai faktor seperti agama dan moral di samping motivasi dalaman dan juga luaran. Hasil gandingan Teori Metafora Konseptual dan Teori Metafora Primer dan Kompleks menunjukkan bahawa metafora bukan sekadar penggunaan bahasa tetapi mengandungi banyak maklumat ekstra linguistik seperti budaya, gaya pemikiran dan sudut pandang sesebuah masyarakat tentang sesuatu perkara atau isu yang dibincangkan.
Kata kunci: Metafora konseptual; metafora primer dan kompleks; bahasa Melayu; bahasa Perancis; gaya pemikiran
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses a comparative study of conceptual metaphor LIFE IS A JOURNEY between the Malay language and French. Conceptual metaphor allows an abstract idea or a domain to be understood in terms of another idea or domain which is concrete. Two novels, one in Malay and one in French were selected as the data source. The process of identification of the metaphors utilised Metaphorical Identification procedure whereby each lexical unit of this metaphorical expressions was thoroughly investigated. The data were scrutinized to ensure only metaphorical expressions were identified. They were divided into three different focus, namely individual, selection and implementation. They were further analyzed based on two frameworks namely Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Primary and Complex Metaphor Theory. The analysis shows that they concur with the applied theoretical frameworks. A number of conventional primary and complex metaphors were also found. In addition, the findings reinforced the Primary and Complex Metaphors Theory since in Malay and French conceptual metaphor LIFE IS A JOURNEY has its foundation from a combination of some primary and complex metaphors. Such a situation is driven by many factors such as religion and moral as well as internal and external motivation. The application of Conceptual Metaphor Theory framework along with Primary and Complex Metaphor Theory has proven that metaphor is not just about language but contains a lot of extra-linguistic information such as the culture, minds and virtues of the community on a matter or issue that is being discussed.
Keywords: Conceptual metaphors; primary and complex metaphor; Malay; French; minds
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