Validity and Psychometric Properties of Malay Translated Religious Orientation Scale-Revised among Malaysian Adult Samples (Kesahan dan Sifat-Sifat Psikometrik Skala Orientasi Keagamaan-Semakan yang diterjemahkan dalam Bahasa Malaysia dalam Kalangan Sampel Dewasa Malaysia)
Abstract
Religious Orientation Scale-Revised (ROS-R) has been used increasingly as an important measure in psychology of religion based researches and widely administered in cross-cultural settings. Unfortunately, there is no valid and reliable ROS-R available in Malay language to assess religious orientations among Malaysians. With that in mind, the present study aims to validate and document the psychometric properties of Malay translated ROS-R (henceforth, M-ROS-R) among sample of Malaysian adults. This study commenced with Forward-Backward translations and was followed by content and face validities. Subsequently, a cross-sectional study was conducted among Malaysian adults (n = 226) using convenience sampling method for the purpose of construct and factorial validations. Later, construct and factorial validity was performed via Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation. Finally, reliability testing was performed to determine the internal consistency of the items which was achieved using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient method (α). The factor loading consisted of three factors with a total variance of 64.76%. The final version of M-ROS-R consisted of 14 items with Factor 1 (Intrinsic Orientation) comprised of 8 items, Factor 2 (Extrinsic-Socially Orientated) with 3 items while Factor 3 (Extrinsic-Personally Orientated) constituted 3 items. The internal consistency values of the factors ranged between 0.68 and 0.86, indicating the scale is reliable. The intercorrelations between factors were also significant with each other. M-ROS-R was concluded as a valid and reliable scale to measure and assess religious orientations among Malaysians.
Keywords: Internal consistency; psychometric properties; religiosity; Religious Orientation Scale-Revised; validation
ABSTRAK
Religious Orientation Scale-Revised (Skala Orientasi Keagamaan-Semakan; ROS-R) telah semakin banyak digunakan sebagai pengukuran penting dalam kajian berasaskan psikologi keagamaan dan ditadbirkan secara meluas merentasi budaya. Malangnya, masih belum ada versi ROS-R dalam Bahasa Malaysia yang mempunyai kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan untuk mengukur orientasi keagamaan dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia. Dengan itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengesahkan dan mendokumenkan sifat-sifat psikometrik ROS-R diterjemah ke dalam Bahasa Malaysia (M-ROS-R) dalam kalangan sampel kajian orang dewasa Malaysia. Kajian ini bermula dengan penterjemahan berbalik dan diikuti dengan kesahan kandungan dan muka. Kemudiannya, satu kajian keratan rentas dijalankan dalam kalangan orang dewasa Malaysia (n = 226) dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan mudah untuk mendapatkan kesahan konstruk dan faktorial. Kemudian, kesahan konstruk dan faktorial telah dijalankan melalui Analisis Faktor Eksploratori menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama dengan putaran Varimaks. Akhir sekali, kebolehpercayaan diuji untuk mendapatkan kebolehpercayaan dalaman dengan menggunakan kaedah pekali Alfa Kronbach (α). Muatan faktor terdiri daripada tiga faktor dengan jumlah varians sebanyak 64.76%. Versi terakhir M-ROS-R terdiri daripada 14 item dengan Faktor 1 (Orientasi Dalaman) terdiri daripada 8 item, Faktor 2 (Orientasi Sosial-Ekstrinsik) terdiri daripada 3 item manakala Faktor 3 (Orientasi Personal-Ekstrinsik) terdiri daripada 3 item. Nilai kebolehpercayaan dalaman faktor-faktor tersebut adalah antara 0.68 hingga 0.86, menunjukkan skala ini boleh dipercayai. Korelasi antara faktor-faktor juga adalah signifikan. M-ROS-R ditentukan sebagai skala yang sah dan boleh dipercayai untuk mengukur dan menilai orientasi keagamaan dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia.
Kata kunci: Kebolehpercayaan dalaman; sifat-sifat psikometrik; keagamaan; Skala Orientasi Keagamaan-Semakan; kesahan
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