Konsep Residivisme: Kekaburan Definisi, Pengukuran dan Praktis (The Concept of Recidivism: Ambiguity Definition, Measurement and Practice)
Abstract
Kekaburan yang wujud pada pendefinisian konsep residivisme mewujudkan ketidakseragaman dalam pengukuran kadar pengulangan jenayah yang berlaku sehingga hari ini. Makalah ini merungkaikan implikasi kekaburan pelbagai variasi mengenai definisi konsep residivisme dalam mengukur kadar pengulangan jenayah, serta praktis intervensi yang diambil bagi menangani masalah ulang-laku jenayah di Malaysia. Makalah ini bertitik-tolak daripada sebuah kajian pengajian peringkat doktor falsafah oleh pengkaji pertama mengenai program pasca pembebasan dan jagaan lanjutan untuk bekas banduan di Malaysia. Hasil penulisan makalah telah membawa kepada sebuah cadangan definisi residivisme yang lebih realistik dan sesuai dengan pengalaman para residivis dan praktis sistem pengadilan jenayah di Malaysia. Penelitian terhadap definisi dan pengukuran konsep residivisme ini mampu menyumbang kepada amalan intervensi yang efisien di dalam menangani isu-isu sosial berkaitan dengan masalah ulang-laku jenayah dalam kalangan para residivis di dalam sistem keadilan jenayah di Malaysia.
Kata kunci: Residivisme; residivis; pengulangan jenayah; faktor risiko; faktor pelindung
ABSTRACT
The ambiguity inherent in defining the concept of recidivism creates inconsistencies in measuring crime repetition rate until today. This article unravels the implications of the ambiguity of the definition in measuring the crime repetition rate, as well as practical interventions undertaken to address the problem of crime repetition in Malaysia. It was based on a doctoral study on post-release and aftercare program for former prisoners in Malaysia by the first author. The result has led to a more realistic definition of recidivism which is in accordance with recidivists and practical experience of the criminal justice system in Malaysia. Research on the definition and measurement of recidivism is able to contribute to the efficient intervention practices in addressing social issues related to crime repetition among recidivists in the Malaysian criminal justice system.
Keywords: Recidivism; recidivist; crime repeatition, risk factor; protective factor
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