Institusi Perbidanan di Selangor, 1900-1955 (Midwifery Institutions in Selangor, 1900-1955)
Abstract
Perkembangan perkhidmatan perbidanan di Selangor, Malaysia banyak dipengaruhi oleh perkembangan ekonomi di Negeri-Negeri Melayu Bersekutu. Perkembangan ekonomi di Selangor menjadikan wanita sebagai salah satu sumber tenaga buruh untuk sektor pertanian. Namun jumlah kematian ibu dan bayi disebabkan komplikasi kandungan dan proses kelahiran tradisional telah menjejaskan sumber tenaga buruh wanita. Objektif artikel ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti perkembangan perkhidmatan perbidanan di Selangor semasa Era British dari tempoh 1900-1955 sehingga membawa kepada penubuhan institusi perbidanan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah content analysis melalui pendekatan sejarah dengan menggunakan sumber-sumber primer di Arkib Negara yang terdiri daripada dokumen-dokumen kerajaan Selangor khususnya rekod-rekod kolonial seperti fail-fail Selangor Secretariat, Colonial Office, Annual Report for Medical Selangor, Annual Report on Health Department, Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of Selangor, surat-surat rasmi, memorandum dan akhbar. Melalui penelitian ke atas sumber didapati bahawa dasar kerajaan British memberi perhatian kepada perkhidmatan perbidanan adalah kerana menyedari bahawa penurunan guna tenaga dalam kalangan wanita akibat kematian dalam proses kelahiran dan penjagaan selepas kelahiran boleh menjejaskan sektor ekonomi British di Tanah Melayu khususnya di Selangor.
Kata kunci: Perbidanan; Selangor; British; perkhidmatan; ekonomi
Abstract
The development of midwifery services in Selangor, Malaysia was heavily influenced by the economic developments in the Federated Malay States. The growth of economy in Selangor made women as one of the labour forces in the agricultural sector. But the number of maternal and infant mortality due to the complications and traditional medicine in abortion and childbirth had affected women's labor resources. The objective of this article is to identify the development of maternity services in Selangor during the British Era 1900-1955 which led to the establishment of midwifery institutions. This study uses content analysis through the historical approach. We use primary sources from the National Archives, which consist of Selangor government documents especially colonial records such as Selangor Secretariat files, Colonial Office, Annual Report for Medical Selangor, Annual Report on Health Department, Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of Selangor, official letters, memoranda and press. Through our research using these resources, we found that the Bbritish government policy paid attention to the maternity services because it was realized that the decline in women’s labour force was due to the deaths during childbirth and care after birth that affected the British economy in Malaya, especially in Selangor.
Keywords: Midwifery; Selangor; British; services; economy
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