Pendekatan Psikoterapi Islam Terhadap Kanak-kanak Muslim Autistik (Islamic Psychotherapy Approach for Muslim Autistic Children)

Abstract

Sejak tahun kebelakangan ini, jumlah atau purata kanak-kanak di seluruh dunia yang dilahirkan dalam keadaan autisme semakin bertambah. Pelbagai pendekatan psikoterapi Barat digunakan bagi meningkatkan perkembangan diri mereka. Namun begitu, kaedah yang diterapkan didapati mengabaikan konsep spiritual atau kerohanian. Artikel yang membincangkan pendekatan psikoterapi Islam terhadap kanak-kanak autistik ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan bagi pengumpulan data berdasarkan sorotan kajian lepas, dan metode analisis kandungan bagi penganalisisan data. Ia menghuraikan pendekatan psikoterapi Islam merangkumi solat dan zikir yang dicadangkan pengaplikasiannya terhadap kanak-kanak autistik. Solat yang merupakan tiang agama adalah sangat penting dalam pembinaan diri insan, manakala zikir pula adalah pelengkap kepada solat tersebut. Kanak-kanak autistik didapati mampu dan mudah untuk melaksanakan kedua-dua amalan ibadah ini walaupun mereka mempunyai keterhadan upaya. Justeru, dapat disimpulkan bahawa solat dan zikir mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dalam membantu perkembangan kanak-kanak autistik seperti kanak-kanak normal yang lain.

Kata kunci: Autisme; psikoterapi; psikoterapi Islam; solat; zikir

Abstract

In recent years, the total number or average number of children around the world born with autism spectrum disorder has increased. Various Western psychotherapeutic interventions were applied to enhance the functioning and development of these autistic children. However, the methods applied for this disorder have ignored the concept of spiritual intervention. This article deals with Islamic psychotherapy approach for autistic children. It used the library method for data collection based on literature reviews, and content analysis method for data analysis. It describes the Islamic psychotherapy approach that includes solat (prayer) and reciting dhikr (remembrance of God) which are proposed for autistic children. The solat which is a pillar of Islam is very important in the development of human beings, while dhikr is complementary to the solat. It was found that autistic children were capable of implementing both of these practices although they had some limitations. Hence, it can be concluded that performing prayer and reciting dhikr had a significant positive relationship in helping the development of autistic children to be like other normal children.

Keywords: Autism; psychotherapy; Islamic psychotherapy; prayer; dhikr