Korelasi Efikasi Kendiri Keusahawanan terhadap Kecenderungan Keusahawanan Pelajar Pra-universiti (Correlation of Entrepreneurial Self-efficay and Entrepreneurial Inclination among Pre-university Students)
Abstract
Aktiviti keusahawanan menggerakkan ekonomi negara dan menjamin kesejahteraan hidup masyarakat. Dalam sistem pendidikan negara, pendidikan keusahawanan telah diperkenalkan lebih daripada 30 tahun di peringkat sekolah menengah. Namun, isu berkaitan kurangnya kecenderungan dan ciri-ciri keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar masih menjadi topik perbincangan. Hal ini membantutkan hasrat negara untuk melahirkan lebih ramai masyarakat usahawan serta menjejaskan pencapaian objektif Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia (2013-2025) yang meletakkan keusahawanan sebagai elemen utama kepada enam aspirasi murid yang diharapkan. Maka, kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti tahap kecenderungan keusahawanan dan tahap efikasi kendiri pelajar serta mengukur hubungan antara keduanya. Efikasi kendiri merupakan peramal utama kepada kecenderungan keusahawanan pelajar untuk melaksanakan aktiviti-aktiviti keusahawanan pada masa akan datang. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan melalui soal selidik yang ditadbirkan. Seramai 410 orang pelajar prauniversiti yang mengambil subjek pengajian perniagaan dipilih secara rawak untuk menjadi responden bagi kajian ini. Data dianalisis menggunakan Pakej Statistik untuk Sains Sosial (SPSS) versi 23 bagi mendapatkan analisis deskriptif dan korelasi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kecenderungan keusahawanan pelajar pada tahap tinggi sementara efikasi kendiri keusahawanan pada tahap sederhana. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kecenderungan keusahawanan dengan efikasi kendiri. Kajian ini diharap dapat digunakan untuk merangka program dan aktiviti keusahawanan bagi meningkatkan efikasi kendiri dan kecenderungan keusahawanan pelajar. Pelaksanaan kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran berkesan juga amat perlu bagi memupuk potensi keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar prauniversiti.
Kata kunci: Kecenderungan; efikasi kendiri: pelajar; prauniversiti; keusahawanan.
Abstract
Entrepreneurial activities mobilise the country’s economy and ensure the well-being of the society. In the education system, entrepreneurship education was introduced more than 30 years ago at the secondary schools. However, issues related to the lack of entrepreneurship inclination and characteristics among students is still being discussed. It is stifling the country's desire to produce more entrepreneurial society and it effects the achievement of the National Education Blueprint (2013-2025) objectives which puts entrepreneurship as a key element from the six student aspiration. Thus, this study aims to identify the level of entrepreneurship inclination and students' self-efficacy level as well as measuring the relationship between the two. Self-efficacy is the main predictor towards students' entrepreneurial attitudes in carrying out entrepreneurial activities in the future. This quantitative study used a survey method by administring questionnaires. A total of 410 business studies pre-university students were randomly selected as respondents of this study. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 to obtain descriptive analysis and correlation. The findings showed a high level of student entrepreneurship inclination while entrepreneurial self-efficacy is at a moderate level. There is a significant correlation between entrepreneurship inclination and self-efficacy. This study can be used to develop entrepreneurship programs and activities to enhance students' self-efficacy and entrepreneurial inclination. Implementation of effective teaching and learning methods is also crucial to foster the entrepreneurial potential among pre-university students.
Keywords: Inclination; self-efficacy; students; pre-university; entrepreneurship.
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