Experience and Coping Strategy Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior among Young Blood Donors (Pengalaman dan Strategi Daya Tindak berdasarkan Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang dalam Kalangan Penderma Darah Muda)
Abstract
The recruitment of young people as first-time blood donors and their retention as Repeat Blood Donors (RBDs) could ensure a sustained supply of blood. Therefore, it is crucial to have a greater understanding on motivation factors, intention and continuous act of blood donation among young people. The aim of this study is to explore the experience and coping strategy among young blood donors based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. This study applied qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with eight RBDs (four males and four females), aged between 20 and 26 years old, identified amongst university students. The informants were recruited using snowballing technique with purposive criteria as RBD; non-first time donors and have donated more than one time within 12 months after the last donation. Each RBD had donated blood between three to six occasions as overall donations. Findings showed that perceived social support from peers as well as encountering friendly and competent phlebotomists were among the positive experiences associated with blood donation that encouraged donors to continue donating. Negative experiences act as barriers to blood donation and these include encountering certain adverse effects (i.e bruises, dizziness) of donating blood and feeling unappreciated by the phlebotomists. Positive experiences and coping strategies to overcome barriers implemented by the informants have led to a stronger intention to repeat blood donation. This study found that by having positive experiences during donating blood and coping with unpleasant experiences could help to retain the intention to donate blood in the future. Future research suggested is to explore the different types of bonding in social networks among blood donors that lead to the intention to donate blood.
Keywords: Students; young people; blood donation; experience; intention
Abstract
Usaha untuk merekrut golongan muda sebagai penderma darah pertama kali dan pengekalan mereka sebagai Penderma Darah Berkala (PDB) adalah untuk menjamin bekalan darah yang berterusan. Oleh itu, adalah penting untuk memahami faktor motivasi, niat dan tindakan menderma darah secara berterusan di kalangan golongan muda. Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka pengalaman dan strategi daya tindak dalam kalangan penderma darah muda berdasarkan Teori Tingkahlaku Terancang. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui temu bual mendalam dengan lapan orang PDB yang dikenal pasti dari kalangan pelajar universiti (empat lelaki dan empat perempuan), berusia dalam lingkungan 20 hingga 26 tahun. Informan diperolehi melalui teknik snowballing dengan kriteria sebagai PDB; bukan penderma darah pertama kali dan telah menderma darah lebih dari sekali dalam tempoh 12 bulan sejak pendermaan yang terakhir. Secara keseluruhan, setiap informan telah menderma darah di antara tiga hingga enam kali. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa penerimaan sokongan sosial daripada rakan sebaya dan bertemu dengan phlebotomists yang peramah serta cekap merupakan antara pengalaman positif yang mendorong kepada pendermaan berterusan. Pengalaman negatif berperanan sebagai halangan untuk pendermaan darah dan ini termasuklah kesan negatif selepas pendermaan (contoh: lebam, pening kepala) serta rasa tidak dihargai oleh phlebotomists. Pengalaman positif dan strategi daya tindak untuk mengatasi halangan semasa menderma yang dilakukan oleh informan telah membawa kepada pengukuhan niat menderma darah pada masa akan datang. Cadangan untuk kajian akan datang ialah meneroka jenis jaringan sosial yang berbeza dalam kalangan penderma darah yang membawa kepada niat untuk menderma darah.
Kata kunci: Pelajar; golongan muda; pendermaan darah; pengalaman; niat
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