Mengurus Antara Keluarga dan Kerjaya Organisasi: Analisis Melalui Pendekatan al-Tadayyun, al-Maqasid dan al-Wasatiyyah (Managing between Family and Organisational Career: Analysis through al-Tadayyun, al-Maqasid and al-Wasatiyyah Approaches)
Abstract
Wanita, keluarga dan kerjaya adalah tiga entiti yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam pembangunan kehidupan masyarakat pada hari ini, ditambah pula dengan jumlah penglibatan wanita dalam arena pekerjaan yang semakin meningkat. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kegagalan mengurus keluarga dan kerjajaya telah mengakibatkan peningkatan isu stres di tempat kerja. Apatah lagi dengan tuntutan untuk meningkatkan prestasi kerja, menjadikan tanggungjawab mengurus antara keluarga dan kerjaya suatu cabaran semasa. Ada pandangan yang turut mengaitkan hal ini dengan punca berlakunya gejala sosial muda-mudi dan keretakan rumahtangga. Kajian literatur mendapati pendekatan Islam khasnya melalui konsep yang dinamakan sebagai al-Tadayyun, al-Maqasid dan al-Wasatiyyah dalam mengurus keluarga dan kerjaya masih belum diperbincangkan. Dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis teks dan literatur, makalah ini menganalisis bagaimana konsep tersebut boleh menjadi suatu pendekatan baru untuk diaplikasikan dalam menguruskan keluarga dan kerja. Penulisan ini bertujuan mengenalpasti isu berkaitan Pengurusan Keluarga dan Kerja (PKK), menghuraikan tiga konsep Islam dan bagaimana ia boleh dijadikan suatu pendekatan terhadap PKK. Selain itu, ia bertujuan mengisi kelompongan dalam perbahasan literatur tentang PKK menurut perspektif Islam. Hasil analisis mendapati bahawa tiga pendekatan ini berpotensi serta relevan dalam menyediakan kerangka, prinsip, nilai utama serta pendekatan untuk diaplikasikan dalam Pengurusan Keluarga dan Kerjaya secara Islam (PKK-I dalam memberikan keutamaan, perhatian dan kekuatan dalaman dan pembangunan karakter dalam PKK terutama apabila berhadapan dengan stres kerja dan keluarga). Iaitu pertama, melalui 10 cara al-Tadayyun (penghayatan beragama). Kedua, PKK-I melalui pendekatan berteraskan maslahah (kebajikan) dan pendekatan secara awlawiyyat (keutamaan). Ketiga, PKK-I melalui pendekatan al-Wasatiyyah (berimbang, adil dan pilihan terbaik).
Kata kunci: kerjaya; stres; al-Tadayyun; al-Maqasid; al-Wasatiyyah
Abstract
Women, family and career are three inseparable entities in the development of public life today especially with an increasing total number of womens’ participation in employment. However, research findings indicate a failure in managing family and career resulting in increase of stress at the workplace. Let alone the demand to improve work performance, has made managing between family and career as a new challenge. There are views that link these symptoms with the cause of the occurrence of domestic social fractures. Literature reviews found the concepts of Islam particularly known as al-Tadayyun, al-Maqasid and al-Wasatiyyah as Family and Career Management (FCM) approaches have yet to be discussed. By analysing texts and literature, this article analyses how the three concepts of al-Tadayyun, al-Maqasid and al-Wasatiyyah could become a new approach in dealing with FCM. This writing identifies issues related to the FCM, describes three Islamic concepts and how they can potentially be used as an approach for the FCM. In addition, it aims to fill in the gap in the literature that relates to FCM from an Islamic perspective. Results of analysis show that the three Islamic concepts are potential and relevant for FCM-Islamic (FCM-I) framework, main value principles and approaches in giving priority, attention, internal strength and character development, especially when faced with work and family stress. These are achieved firstly, through the 10 ways of al-Tadayyun (appreciation of religion). Secondly, through an element of maslahah (welfare) and awlawiyyat (priority) and thirdly, through Wasatiyyah (balanced, fair and best choice) approaches.
Keywords: Career; stress; al-Tadayyun; al-Maqasid; al-Wasatiyyah
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