Criteria Influencing Pedestrian-Friendliness of First/Last Mile Transit Journey using Analytical Network Process (ANP) Group Judgement (Kriteria Mempengaruhi Kemesra-Pejalankakian Perbatuan Pertama/Terakhir dalam Perjalanan Transit Menggunakan Keputusan Berkumpulan dengan Proses Analisis Berjaringan (ANP))
Abstract
The pedestrian-friendliness of the first/last mile (FLM) transit journey is one of the keys in influencing the quality of transit services. The demands of transit riders are increasing as they have started to ask for more than just accessibility which includes a good walking environment to access the service. Most local
governments are aware of this as many of them have the guidelines in planning for a walkable transit services. However, they need to prioritise the criteria influencing pedestrian-friendliness accordingly. This paper proposes a framework for evaluating the priorities of criteria influencing pedestrian-friendliness by using Analytical Network Process (ANP) which relies on group judgement from experts who have wide knowledge and experience within the scope of the study. It can be conducted in six stages which are (1) determining criteria influencing pedestrian-friendliness (2) developing ANP model of the criteria and their dependencies, (3) obtaining experts judgement, (4) aggregating the criteria’s priorities, (5) deriving group judgement of the criteria’s priorities, and (6) ranking the criteria accordingly. In the end, this study will suggest the priorities for criteria influencing pedestrian-friendliness which can be used as reference in
planning for walking environment to access transit services. This study highlighted nineteen criteria that could be used in representing the pedestrian-friendliness of FLM. Based on the analysis, it is suggested that from the nineteen criteria, the presence of signage showing direction is the most important criterion followed by roofed walkway, convenience in term of walking time, access to public parks and presence of traffic lights.
Keywords: Pedestrian-friendliness; walkability; first/last mile; transit service; analytical network process
Abstrak
Kemesra-pejalankakian bagi perbatuan pertama dan terakhir (FLM) untuk satu perjalanan transit boleh dianggap sebagai salah satu kunci yang mempengaruhi kualiti sesebuah servis transit itu. Permintaan dari pengguna transit semakin meningkat dan mereka mula meminta lebih dari sekadar kebolehsampaian
termasuklah persekitaran berjalan kaki yang baik untuk mengakses servis itu. Kebanyakan kerajaan tempatan peka akan hal ini dimana banyak antara mereka mempunyai panduan untuk membangunkan sesebuah servis transit yang juga mesra pejalan kaki. Walaubagaimanapun, mereka perlu menentukan kepentingan kriteria yang mempengaruhi kemesra-pejalankakian. Kertas ini akan mencadangkan rangka kerja untuk menganalisis kepentingan kriteria yang mempengaruhi kemesra-pejalankakian dengan menggunakan Proses Analisis Berjaringan (ANP) yang bergantung pada keputusan berkumpulan yang terdiri daripada pakar yang berpengetahuan dan berpengalaman luas dalam sesuatu bidang. Rangka kerja akan dijalankan dalam enam peringkat iaitu (1) menentukan kriteria mempengaruhi pemilihan pengguna untuk berjalan kaki,
(2) membangunkan model ANP yang menunjukkan kriteria dan kebergantungan mereka, (3) mendapatkan keputusan daripada pakar, (4) mengira kepentingan setiap kriteria, (5) mengira keputusan berkumpulan bagi setiap kriteria, dan (6) mengatur kriteria mengikut kedudukan mereka. Akhir sekali, kajian ini akan
mencadangkan kepentingan kriteria yang mempengaruhi sesuatu perjalanan. Ia boleh digunakan sebagai rujukan untuk perancangan yang lebih baik untuk persekitaran pejalan kaki bagi servis transit. Kajian ini memberi focus kepada sembilan belas kriteria yang boleh digunakan untuk mewakili kemesraan pejalan kaki bagi FLM. Berdasarkan analisis, daripada sembilan belas kriteria terbabit, adalah dicadangkan bahawa kewujudan papan tanda yang menunjukkan tanda arah ialah kriteria yang terpenting diikuti oleh laluan berbumbung, akses ke taman-taman awam dan kewujudan lampu isyarat.
Kata kunci: Kemesra-pejalankakian; walkability; perbatuan pertama/terakhir, servis transit; proses analisis berjaringan
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adkins, A., Dill, J., Luhr, G. & Neal, M. 2012. Unpacking walkability: Testing the influence of urban design features on perceptions of walking environment attractiveness. Journal of Urban Design 17(4):499-510.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities. Washington D. C.: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
Brown, B. B., Yamada, I., Smith, K. R., Zick, C. D., Kowaleski-Jones, L. & Fan, J. X. 2009. Mixed land use and walkability: Variations in land use measures and relationships with BMI, overweight, and obesity. Health and Place 15: 1130-1141.
Centre for Liveable Cities Singapore & The Seoul Institute. 2016. Walkable and Bikeable Cities: Lessons from Seoul and Singapore. 1st edition. Singapore: Centre for Liveable Cities, The URA Centre.
Chen, J. & Chang, Z. 2015. Rethinking urban green space accessibility: Evaluating and optimizing public transportation system through social network analysis in megacities. Landscape and Urban Planning 143: 150-159.
Cheng, Y. H. & Chen, S. Y. 2015. Perceived accessibility, mobility, and connectivity of public transportation systems. Transportation Research Part A 77: 386-403.
David, L., Åse, S., Catharina, S. & Maria, J. 2014. What limits the pedestrian? Exploring perceptions of walking in the built environment and in the context of every-day life. Journal of Transport and Health 1(4): 223-231.
Diyanah Inani Azmi, Hafazah Abdul Karim & Mohd Zamreen Mohd Amin. 2013. Walking behavior of urban and rural streets. Journal of Asian Behavioral Studies 3(11): 97-110.
Doyle, S., Kelly-Schwartz, A., Schlossberg, M. & Stockard, J. 2006. Active community environments and health - The relationship of walkable and safe communities to individual health. Journal of the American Planning Association 72(1): 19-31.
Giles-Corti, B., Mavoa, S., Eagleson, S., Davern, M., Roberts, R. & Badland, H. 2014. How Walkable is Melbourne? The Development of a Transport Walkability Index For Metropolitan Melbourne. Melbourne: McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing.
Greene, R., Devillers, R., Luther, J. E. & Eddy, B. G. 2011. GIS-based multiple-criteria decision analysis. Geography Compass 5(6): 412-432.
Guerra, E., Cervero, R. & Tischler, D. 2012. Halfmile circle does it best represent transit station catchments? Transportation Research Record:
Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2276(1): 101-109.
Guo, Z. & Loo, B. P. Y. 2013. Pedestrian environment and route choice: Evidence from New York City and Hong Kong. Journal of Transport Geography 28: 124-136.
Ha, E., Joo, Y. & Jun, C. 2011. An empirical study on sustainable walkability indices for transit-oriented development by using the analytic network process approach. International Journal of Urban Sciences
(2): 137-146.
Hafazah Abdul Karim & Diyanah Inani Azmi. 2013. Convenience and safety of walking experience in Putrajaya Neighbourhood Area. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 101: 318-327.
Ji, J. & Gao, X. 2010. Analysis of people’s satisfaction with public transportation in Beijing. Habitat International 34(4): 464-470.
Jun, H. J. & Hur, M. 2015. The relationship between walkability and neighborhood social environment: The importance of physical and perceived walkability. Applied Geography 62: 115-124.
Juriah Zakaria & Norsidah Ujang. 2015. Comfort of walking in the city center of Kuala Lumpur. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 170:
-652.
Katiman Rostam, Er A. C., Zaini Sakawi & Abdul Rahim Mohd Nor. 2011. Urbanisation at the fringe of the Klang-Langat extended metropolitan region: Some implication on the patterns and quality of neighbourhoods. Akademika 81(3): 19-29.
Landis, B., Vattikuti, V., Ottenberg, R., McLeod, D. & Guttenplan, M. 2001. Modeling the roadside walking environment: Pedestrian level of service.
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1773: 82-88.
Lee, S., Lee, S., Son, H. & Joo, Y. 2013. a new approach for the evaluation of the walking environment. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 7(3): 238-260.
Leslie, E., Saelens, B., Frank, L., Owen, N., Bauman, A., Coffee, N. & Hugo, G. 2005. Residents’ perceptions of walkability attributes in objectively different neighbourhoods: A pilot study. Health and Place
(3): 227-236.
Malczewski, J. & Rinner, C. 2015. Multicriteria Decision Analysis in Geographic Information Science. 1st edition. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Mavoa, S., Witten, K., McCreanor, T. & O’Sullivan, D. 2012. GIS based destination accessibility via public transit and walking in Auckland, New Zealand. Journal of Transport Geography 20(1): 15-22.
Mazlina Mansor & Ismail Said. 2008. Green Infrastructure Network as Social Spaces for Well-Being of Urban Residents in Taiping , Malaysia. Paper presented at International Conference on Environmental
Research and Technology (ICERT 2008), organized by Universiti Sains Malaysia, 28-30 May, Penang.
Montgomery, B. & Roberts, P. 2008. Walk Urban: Demand, Constraints and Measurement of the Urban Pedestrian Environment. Washington D. C.: The World Bank
Moura, F., Cambra, P. & Gonçalves, A. B. 2017. Measuring walkability for distinct pedestrian groups with a participatory assessment method: A case study in Lisbon. Landscape and Urban Planning 157: 282-296.
Muhamad Razuhanafi Mat Yazid, Muhamad Nazri Borhan & Rozmi Ismail. 2018. Factor analysis to encourage and discourage non-motorised vehicles in Bangi. Akademika 88(1): 209-224.
Noor Iza Bahari, Ahmad Kamil Arshad & Zahrullaili Yahya. 2012. Pedestrians’ perception of the sidewalk facilities in Kuala Lumpur’s commercial areas. International Sustainability and Civil Engineering
Journal 1(2): 28-36.
Papa, E. & Bertolini, L. 2015. Accessibility and transitoriented development in European metropolitan areas. Journal of Transport Geography 47: 70-83.
Peiravian, F., Derrible, S. & Ijaz, F. 2014. Development and application of the Pedestrian Environment Index (PEI). Journal of Transport Geography 39: 73-84.
Raja Noriza Raja Ariffin & Rustam Khairi Zahari. 2013. Perceptions of the urban walking environments. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 105: 589-597.
Saaty, T. L. & Vargas, L. G. 2006. Decision Making with the Analytic Network Process: Economic, Political, Social and Technological Applications with Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks. 2nd edition. New York: Springer US.
Sadeghi, M. 2012. Using analytic network process in a group decision-making for supplier selection. Informatica 23(4): 621-643.
Sarkar, C., Webster, C., Pryor, M., Tang, D., Melbourne, S., Zhang, X. & Jianzheng, L. 2015. Exploring associations between urban green, street design and walking: Results from the greater London boroughs.
Landscape and Urban Planning 143: 112-125.
Stockholm City Planning Administration. 2010. The Walkable City: Stockholm City Plan. Stockholm: Stockholm City Planning Administration.
Stockton, J. C., Duke-Williams, O., Stamatakis, E., Mindell, J. S., Brunner, E. J. & Shelton, N. J. 2016. Development of a novel walkability index for London, United Kingdom: Cross-sectional application to the Whitehall II study. BMC Public Health 16(416): 1-12.
Sugiyama, T., Niyonsenga, T., Howard, N. J., Coffee, N. T., Paquet, C., Taylor, A. W. & Daniel, M. 2016. Residential proximity to urban centres, local-area walkability and change in waist circumference among Australian adults. Preventive Medicine 93: 39-45.
Sundquist, K., Eriksson, U., Kawakami, N., Skog, L., Ohlsson, H. & Arvidsson, D. 2011. Neighborhood walkability, physical activity, and walking behavior: The Swedish Neighborhood and Physical Activity (SNAP) study. Social Science and Medicine 72(8): 1266-1273.
Sung, H. & Oh, J. 2011. Transit-oriented development in a high-density city: Identifying its association with transit ridership in Seoul, Korea. Cities 28(1): 70-82.
Sutikno, F. R. & Kurniawan, E. B. 2013. Walkability and pedestrian perceptions in Malang City emerging business corridor. Procedia Environmental Sciences 17: 424-433.
Todd, M., Adams, M. A., Kurka, J., Conway, T. L., Cain, K. L., Buman, M. P. & King, A. C. 2016. GIS-measured walkability, transit, and recreation
environments in relation to older adults’ physical activity: A latent profile analysis. Preventive Medicine 93: 57-63.
Transport For London (TFL). 2017. Walking. https://tfl.gov.uk/corporate/about-tfl/what-we-do/walking. Retrieved on: 30 October 2017.
Vale, D. S. 2015. Transit-oriented development, integration of land use and transport, and pedestrian accessibility: Combining node-place model with pedestrian shed ratio to evaluate and classify station areas in Lisbon. Journal of Transport Geography 45: 70-80.
Wan Rabiah Wan Omar, Patterson, I. & Pegg, S. 2011. Healthy lifestyle: Promoting walking behaviour in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. World Journal of
Management 3(1): 109-123.
Wey, W. M. & Chiu, Y. H. 2013. Assessing the walkability of pedestrian environment under the transit-oriented development. Habitat International 38: 106-118.
Wey, W. M. & Hsu, J. 2014. New urbanism and smart growth: Toward achieving a smart National Taipei University District. Habitat International 42: 164-174.
Wey, W. M. 2014. The application of dynamic network process to environment planning support systems. International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural
Engineering 8(8): 914-917.
Wey, W. M., Zhang, H. & Chang, Y. J. 2016. alternative transit-oriented development evaluation in sustainable built environment planning. Habitat International 55: 109-123.
Zeinab Rahimiashtiani & Norsidah Ujang. 2013. Pedestrian satisfaction with aesthetic, attractiveness and pleasurability: Evaluating the walkability of Chaharaghabbasi Street in Isfahan, Iran. Alam Cipta
(2): 13-22.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 0126-5008
eISSN: 0126-8694