Meneroka Strategi Daya Tindak Golongan Ibu dalam Menjaga Anak Kurang Upaya Kategori Cerebral Palsy (Exploring Coping Strategies of Mother in Taking Care of a Child with Cerebral Palsy Disability)
Abstract
Pengalaman tinggal bersama individu yang mempunyai masalah ketidakupayaan mampu memberi kesan signifikan terhadap keseluruhan ahli keluarga terutamanya kepada ibu bapa, adik-beradik dan saudara-mara sehingga mempengaruhi kefungsian sesebuah keluarga. Oleh yang demikian, artikel ini mengenal pasti strategi daya tindak golongan ibu yang menjaga anak kurang upaya kategori Cerebral Palsy (CP). Kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif telah dijalankan terhadap enam orang ibu yang mempunyai anak kurang upaya kategori Cerebral Palsy. Kaedah temubual mendalam digunakan untuk mengumpul data berkaitan strategi daya tindak yang dipraktikkan oleh golongan ibu dalam menjaga anak mereka. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa informan yang terlibat dalam kajian ini terdiri daripada golongan ibu yang berusia 33 hingga 52 tahun dengan pendapatan bulanan sebanyak RM1,200 hingga RM3,000 serta mempunyai dua hingga tiga orang anak. Dapatan kajian juga mendapati bahawa informan mempraktikkan empat jenis strategi daya tindak iaitu; (i) strategi daya tindak kawalan diri, (ii) strategi daya tindak sokongan sosial, (iii) strategi daya tindak penerimaan tanggungjawab dan (iv) strategi daya tindak penyelesaian masalah secara terancang dalam menangani tekanan dan krisis dalam kehidupan mereka. Dapatan kajian memberi implikasi kepada pihak yang berkepentingan dalam membantu golongan ibu bagi memperkasa serta memberikan perkhidmatan psikososial dan kaunseling agar cabaran penjagaan anak kurang upaya dapat dikurangkan.
Kata kunci: Daya tindak; strategi; ibu; kurang upaya; Cerebral Palsy
Abstract
Living with a disabled person can bring significant effects to the entire family members especially for parents, siblings and next of kin because they need to undergo a peculiar experience which can influence different aspect of family functioning. Thus, this article examines coping strategies of mothers who take care of their child with Cerebral Palsy disability. Data is collected using a qualitative approach among six mothers who have a child with Cerebral Palsy disability. In-depth interview was conducted to gather information regarding informants’ coping strategies in taking care of their children. All the informants who took part in this study were mothers in the age range between 33 to 52 years old with an average income rate between RM1,200 to RM3,000 and have two to three children. The findings also indicate that informants’ practiced four types of coping strategies namely; (i) self-control, (ii) social support, (iii) accepting responsibilities and (iv) solving problems with a proper planning in overcoming stress and crisis in their life. As an overall impact, the study provided implications to the concerned parties to empower and emancipate mothers by providing effective psychological counselling to overcome challenges in taking care of their disabled child.
Keywords: Coping; strategies; mother; disability; Cerebral Palsy
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alaee, N., Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi, F., Khankeh, H. 2013. Voiceless Shout: Parents’ Experience of Caring for Child with Cerebral Palsy (in Persian). Hayat, Journal of School of Nursing and Midwifery; 19(2): 51–66.
Ashworth, P. (2003). The Origins of Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Research Methods; 4 - 24. London: Sage.
Bedell, G., Coster, W., Law, M. 2013. Community Participation, Supports and Barriers of School-Age Children with and Without Disabilities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil; 94:315–323.
Blacher, J., Begum, G.F., Marcoulides, G.A. 2013. Longitudinal Perspectives of Child Positive Impact on Families: Relationship to Disability and Culture. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities; 118(2): 141–155.
Calis, E., Olieman, J.F., Rieken, R., Penning, V. 2007. Impact of Malnutrition on Gastrointestinal Disorders and Gross Motor Abilities in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Brain and Development; 29:534.
Christin, E. 2015. Strengths and Challenges Faced by School-Aged Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy. Developmental Neurorehabilitation; 30 (20): 1-9.
Dalvand, H., Rassafiani, M., Hosseini, S.A. 2013. Handling in the Children with Cerebral Palsy: A review of Ideas and Practice (in Persian). Journal of Rehabilitation 13(5): 8–16.
Dambi, J.M., Jelsma, J., Mlambo, T. 2015. Caring for a Child with Cerebral Palsy: The Experience of Zimbabwean Mothers. African Journal of Disability; 4(1):10.
Dunst, C.J., Trivette, C.M., & Cross, A.H. 2007. Mediating Influences of Social Support: Personal, Family and Child Outcomes. American Journal of Mental Deficiency; 90: 403-417.
Ekas, N.V., Timmons, L., Pruitt, M., Ghilain, C., & Alessandri, M. 2015. The Power of Positivity: Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders; 45(7), 1997–2007.
Foster, R.H., Kozachek, S., Stern, M. 2010. Caring for the Caregivers: An Investigation of Factors Related to Well-Being among Parents Caring for a Child with Smith-Magenis Syndrome. Journal of Genetic Counselling; 19(2): 187–198.
Fredrickson, B.L. 2011. Positivity. 2nd ed. New York: Crown Publishing Group.
Imms, C. 2008. Children with Cerebral Palsy Participate: A review of the Literature. Disability & Rehabilitation; 30(24):1867–1884.
Kimura, M., Yamazaki, Y. 2013. The Lived Experience of Mothers of Multiple Children with Intellectual Disabilities. Qualitative Health Research; 23(10): 1307–1319.
Kramer, J.M., Olsen, S., Mermelstein, M. 2012. Youth with Disabilities’ Perspectives of the Environment and Participation: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis. Child Care Health Dev; 38:763–777.
Laporan Tahun Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat Malaysia (2015).
Lazarus, R.S., Folkman, S., 1987. Transactional Theory and Research on Emotions and Coping. European Journal of Psychology; 1: 141–160.
Link, B.G., Phelan, J.C. 2001. Conceptualizing Stigma. Annual Review of Sociology; 27: 363-385.
Martins-Ribeiro, M.F., Lima-Sousa, A.L., Vandenberghe, L., Porto, C.C. 2014. Parental Stress in Mothers of Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem; 22, 440-447.
McCann, D., Bull, R., Winzenberg, T., 2012. The Daily Patterns of Time Use for Parents of Children with Complex Needs: A Systematic Review. Journal of Child Health Care; 16(1): 26–52.
Moskowitz, J.T. 2011. Coping Interventions and the Regulation of Positive Affect. The Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health & Coping. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 407–427.
Nagae, L.M., Hoon, A.H., Stashinko, E. 2007. Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Children with Periventricular Leukomalacia: Variability of Injuries to White Matter Tracts. Neuroradiology Journal; 28: 12-13.
Park, C.L. 2013. The Meaning Making Model: A Framework for Understanding Meaning, Spirituality and Stress-Related Growth in Health Psychology. The European Health Psychologist; 15(2): 40–47.
Rapanaro, C., Bartu, A., Lee, A.H. 2008. Perceived Benefits and Negative Impact of Challenges Encountered in Caring for Young Adults with Intellectual Disabilities in the Transition to Adulthood. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities; 21: 34–47.
Rassafiani, M., Kahjoogh, M.A., Hosseini, A. 2012. Time Use in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Comparison Study. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy 22(2): 70–74.
Sajedi, F., Alizad, V., Malekkhosravi, G., Karimlou, M., Vameghi, R. 2010. Depression in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy and its Relation to Severity and Type of Cerebral Palsy. Acta Medica Iranica; 48: 250–254.
Sawyer, M., Bittman, M., La Greca, A.M. 2011. Time Demands of Caring for Children with Cerebral Palsy: What are the Implications for Maternal Mental Health? Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology; 53(4): 338–343.
Scallan, S., Senior, J., Reilly, C. 2011. Williams Syndrome: Daily Challenges and Positive Impact on the Family. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities; 24(2): 181–188.
Troy, A.S., Wilhelm, F.H., Shallcross, A.J. 2010. Seeing the Silver Lining: Cognitive Reappraisal Ability Moderates the Relationship between stress and Depressive Symptoms. Emotion; 10(6): 783–795.
Wood, A.M., Joseph, S., Linley, P.A. 2007. Coping Style as a Psychologist Resource of Grateful People. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology; 26: 1076–1093.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 0126-5008
eISSN: 0126-8694