Faktor Kelangsungan Penyeludupan Barangan di Sempadan Malaysia Sarawak (Lubok Antu) dan Indonesia Kalimantan Barat (Badau) (Factors of continuity of Goods Smuggling at the Border of Malaysia Sarawak (Lubok Antu) and Indonesia Kalimantan Barat (Badau) )
Abstract
Fenomena budaya “penyeludupan” di kawasan sempadan Malaysia-Indonesia, terutamayang melibatkan barangan keperluan asas,telah berlaku sejak sebelum terbentuknya negara persekutuan Malaysia. Hasil kajian-kajian terdahulu menunjukkan, walaupun terdapat kawalan ketat di setiap pintu sempadan antara dua buah negara tetapi kegiatan penyeludupan barangan masih berlangsung. Persoalannya kenapa penyeludupan barangan ini terus berlaku? Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk memahami kenapa kegiatan penyeludupan barangan di sempadan Malaysia-Indonesia iaitu Lubok Antu dan Badau terus berlangsung dalam keadaan kuat-kuasa undang-undang penyeludupan. Lebih khusus lagi, maka kajian ini telah mengenal pasti faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada kelangsungan kegiatan penyeludupan barangan berkenaan. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif yang melibatkan rekabentuk kajian kes. Kaedah temubual mendalam ke atas 15 orang informan yang dipilih melalui kaedah persampelan bertujuan dan pemerhatian telah dijalankan untuk memperoleh dapatan yang kukuh. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan perisian ATLAS.ti. Kajian ini mendapati,terdapat dua faktor penyumbang kepada faktor-faktor kelangsungan kegiatan penyeludupan barangan. Pertama, faktor wujudulu yang merangkumi sejarah perdagangan, hubungan kekeluargaan, sentimen kekitaan,budaya dan geografi. Kedua, faktor wujudkemudian yang merangkumi pintu sempadan dan perjanjian-perjanjian sempadan. Kajian mendapati bahawa faktor-faktor wujudulu adalah penyumbang utama kelangsungan kegiatan penyeludupan barangan di kawasan kajian, ia menolak konsep “penyeludupan barangan” dibawah faktor wujudkemudian. Sebaliknya faktor wujudulu mempertahankan konsep bahawa “penyeludupan” hanya melibatkan barangan merbahaya seperti senjata dan dadah. Hal ini seterusnya mempengaruhi persepsi dalam kalangan pihak penguatkuasa pintu sempadan kedua-dua negara, bahawa kegiatan penyeludupan barangan keperluan asasadalah budaya komuniti sempadan yang harus diteruskan.
Kata kunci:Penyeludupan barangan asas; komuniti sempadan;faktor kelangsungan penyeludupan; faktor wujudulu; faktor wujudkemudian.
Abstract
A social culture of “smuggling” at Malaysia-Indonesia border, in particular involved the necessities goods, was happening prior to the formation of Malaysian federation state. A previous research finding implied even though the strict control enforcement is imposed at both countries border, but smuggling goods activities is still going on. The question was, why is it remain ongoing? The aims of the research were to get understanding why the good smuggling activities still happening at the both border in LubokAntu-Badau in the state of smuggling law enforcement. Specifically, this study was identified factors that contributed towards the survival of the goods smuggling activities. This study is a qualitative study involving case study design. An in-depth interview method for 15 informants selected through purposive sampling and observation was conducted to obtain reliable findings. The study data were analysed using ATLAS.ti software.This study found that there are two contributing factors to the survival factors of smuggling of goods. First, the pre-existing factors include trade history, familyship relations, sense of belongingness sentiment, culture and geography. Second, post-existing factors eventually include the border gate and border-related agreements. This implied that pre-existing factors were the main contributor towards the survival of the goods smuggling activities and its refused the “goods smuggling concepts” under post-existing factor.Otherwise, the pre-existing source has defended the concept that “smuggling” only valid if its involved dangerous items such as weapon and drug. This further influenced the perception among the authorities of entrance doors both countries that smuggling of necessities was a culture of border community which is needed to proceed.
Keywords:Basic goods smuggling; border community;smuggling factors; pre-existing factor; post-existing factor.
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