Prevalens dan Tekanan Psikologikal dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Menengah yang Mencederakan Diri Tanpa Niat Membunuh Diri di Negeri Selangor (Prevalence and Psychological Distress Among Selangor Secondary Students Who Engaged in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury)
Abstract
Penglibatan golongan remaja dalam tingkah laku mencederakan diri tanpa niat membunuh diri atau Nonsuicidal SelfInjury (NSSI) dilihat semakin kerap dan amat membimbangkan. Tingkah laku ini juga didapati memudaratkan diri sendiri baik dari segi fzikal dan mental. Selain daripada faktor sosial dan persekitaran, faktor dalaman seseorang individu seperti tekanan psikologikal turut menyumbang kepada tingkah laku NSSI. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membentangkan prevalens NSSI dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah di negeri Selangor serta mengenal pasti perbezaan tahap tekanan psikologikal yang dialami antara pelajar yang pernah dan tidak pernah terlibat dalam NSSI. Kajian ini dilakukan melalui kaedah kuantitatif iaitu metod survei dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik yang merangkumi item berkaitan NSSI dan juga instrumen General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Responden kajian ini melibatkan 1021 pelajar sekolah menengah yang dipilih menggunakan kaedah persampelan rawak. Secara keseluruhannya, kadar prevalens NSSI dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah di Selangor ialah 15.1% di mana prevalens dalam kalangan pelajar lelaki ialah 14.2% dan pelajar perempuan ialah 16.1%. Hasil analisis Ujian T Sampel Bebas menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan signifkan bagi tahap tekanan psikologikal (t(1019)=8.28, p<.001 yang dialami antara pelajar yang pernah mencederakan diri dan tidak pernah mencederakan diri. Pemahaman yang mendalam tentang faktor psikologikal terhadap tingkah laku NSSI dapat memberi pendedahan kepada pelbagai pihak termasuklah badan kaunseling dan kesihatan mental bagi mengenal pasti langkah pencegahan proaktif serta intervensi yang boleh diambil untuk membanteras tingkah laku mencederakan diri.
Kata Kunci: Faktor psikologi, Mencederakan diri tanpa niat membunuh diri, Pelajar sekolah menengah, Prevalens, Tekanan psikologikal
Abstract
The involvement in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) among teenagers is increasing at an alarming rate. This self-harm propensity is seen as harmful to them both physically and mentally. In addition to social and environmental factors, inner factors of an individual such as psychological distress are also seen as contributing predictors of NSSI. This study was conducted to present the prevalence of NSSI tendencies among secondary school students in Selangor and to identify the differences in psychological distress levels between students who have and have not involved in NSSI. This study employed a quantitative survey method. A questionnaire that consists of items related to NSSI and also a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) instruments were used for data collection. 1021 secondary school students had been recruited via a random sampling method. In general, the prevalence of NSSI among secondary school students in Selangor is 15.1% where the prevalence among male students is 14.2% and female students is 16.1%. The fndings of this study which had been analysed using an Independent Sample T Test shows that there is a signifcance difference in the level of psychological distress (t(1019)=8.28, p<.001) between students who have involved and have never involved in NSSI. An in-depth understanding regarding psychological factors as the basis of NSSI would alert many institutions including counselling and mental illness associations in identifying the suitable proactive prevention methods that can be used in order to curb NSSI among teenagers.
Keywords: Psychological factor, Nonsuicidal Self-Injury, secondary school students, prevalence, psychological distress
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