Dialek Melayu Perlis: Pemetaan Geodialek Beraplikasikan GIS (Perlis Malay Dialect: Mapping of Geodialect Using GIS)

Abstract

Perlis ialah sebuah negeri yang unik kerana bersempadan dengan sebuah negara asing di utaranya iaitu Thailand dan dengan sebuah negara tempatan di selatannya iaitu Kedah. Kedudukannya yang unik ini turut  memberikan impak kepada dialekMelayu yang dituturkan olehpenuturnatif di Perlis. Justeru kajian ini akan cuba mengkaji taburan dialek Perlis serta sempadan dialek dalam negeri Perlis. Kajian distribusi dialek ini dikenali sebagai dialek geografi. Dialekgeografi juga dikenalisebagaigeodialek. Kajian ini mengenal pasti sempadannya melalui pemilihan taburan variasi leksikal di Perlis menggunakan teknologi Geographic Information System (GIS). Teknologi ini digunakan bagi melakar peta lengkap dan tepat yang mampu menghuraikan penyebaran dialek seterusnya membentuk peta isogloss yang lebih canggih. Teknologi GIS inimempunyaikebolehanuntukmemproses data rayasertaberkemampuanuntukmengenalpastidialek yang berbebazadengantepatdancepat walaupun kawasan itu luas. Kajian ini meneliti variasi bagi tiga butir leksikal yang melibatkan 660 orang responden di 18 buah mukim, merangkumi 66 buah kampung di Perlis. Responden ditemu bual bagi mendapatkan variasi bagi leksikal /punggung/, /baling/, dan /comot/. Kajian ini berjaya membahaskan satu penemuan baru bahawa terdapat beberapa variasi leksikal yang mewakili variasi dialek Perlis. Antara dialek yang dikenalpastiialahDialekMelayu Kedah danDialekMelayuSatun. Kajianini juga berjayamengenalpastisubdialek Perlis yang hanyamuncul di beberapatempatsahajaberikutankurangnyapenutursubdialekini. Selain itu, kajian ini membahaskan bahawa faktor-faktor penyebaran variasi dialek adalah dikaitkan dengan faktor sejarah dan faktor geografi.

Kata kunci: geodialek; SistemMaklumatGeografi (GIS); geodialek; Perlis; dialek Melayu; peta

Abstract

Perlis is a unique state because it is bordered by Thailand, a foreign country in the north and Kedah, a local state in the south. Its unique position also has an impact on Malay dialect spoken by the indigenous Malays in Perlis. Therefore, this study will try to study the distribution of Perlis dialect and dialect boundary within the state of Perlis. The study of a dialect distribution is known as a geographical dialect. The geographical dialect is also known as geodialect. This study identifies its boundaries through the selection of lexical variants distributed in Perlis using the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. This technology is used to draw a complete and precise map that is able to elaborate the diffusion of dialects thus forming a more sophisticated isogloss map. This GIS technology has the capability to process big data as well as has the ability to identify different dialects accurately and quickly even if the area is wide. This study examined the variation of threelexical items involving 114 respondents in 18 countries, comprising 66 villages in Perlis. Respondents were interviewed to get variations for lexical /punggung/, / baling /, and / comot /. This study successfully described a new discovery that there are several lexical variations that represent the variation of the Perlis dialect. Among the dialects identified are the Kedah Malay Dialect and the Satun Malay Dialect. The study also identified that the Perlis subdialect which only appeared in some places were due to the lack of subdialect speakers. In addition, this study concludes that the spreading factors of the dialect variation are associated with historical factors and geographical factors.

Keywords: geodialect; Geographic Information System (GIS); Perlis; Malay dialect; map