Ethnic Pluralism and Ethnic Relations in Sarawak
Abstract
This paper discusses the historical and contemporary dynamics of ethnic pluralism and ethnic relations in Sarawak The discussion is based on numerous in-depth interviews that were conducted throughout 1999-2001. Results showed that the dynamics of ethnic pluralism and ethnic relations in contemporary Sarawak are basically molded by the history of the earlier patterns of interaction and relations. Additionally, pluralist tolerances in many respects contribute towards forging a stronger foundation for closer interactions. The study also found intermarriages of people with different cultural and religious backgrounds, tolerance of religions and religious places, the participation and cooperation of the native, Malay and Chinese in business activities and tolerance in cultural and religious festivities to be the mostprominent features of ethnic pluralism in present-day Sarawak.
Keyword: ethnic pluralism, ethnic relations, pluralist tolerances
ABSTRAK
Artikel ini membincangkan sejarah dan kedinamikan kontemporari pluralisme etnik dan hubungan etnik di Sarawak. Perbincangan ini adalah berdasarkan 'in-depth interview' yang telah dijalankan sepanjang tahun 1999-2001.Kajian menunjukkan bahawa kedinamikan pluralisme etnik dan hubungan etnik di Sarawak pada masa kini pada asasnya dibentuk oleh sejarah hubungan dan interaksi yang awal. Selain itu, sikap bertolak-ansur pluralis dalam pelbagai aspek telah menyumbang kepada pembentukan asas interaksi yang lebih kukuh. Kajian juga mendapati di antara unsur yang jelas menunjukkan pluralism etnik di Sarawak pada masa kini adalah perkahwinan campur di antara individu dari pelbagai kebudayaan dan agama, tolak-ansur mengenai agama dan pusat keagamaan, penyertaan dan kerjasama penduduk pribumi, penyertaan bersama orang Melayu dan Cina dalam aktiviti perniagaan, serta sikap tolak-ansur dalam perayaan yang berteraskan budaya dan agama.
Kata kunci: pluralisme etnik, hubungan etnik, tolak-ansur pluralis
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