Pembandaran dan Kenaikan Nilai Harta Tanah di Malaysia
Abstract
Encouraging economic performance stimulated by a strong growth in the industrial sector has accelerated the urbanization process in certain localities in Malaysia. The rapid increase in the current level and rate of urbanization has fuelled higher demand for properties related to residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural uses. This situation has significantly increased the number and value of transactions on the properties, thus directly increasing the price of those properties in the localities experiencing rapid growth. This article tries to compare the number and value of transactions and the price of the properties between developed states (Selangor and Pulau Pinang) and less developed states (Kelantan and Terengganu) due to the different levels and rates of urbanization and industrialisation as each state gives different emphasis to their respective economic sectors. This article shows that the appreciation in property prices mainly benefits certain quarters, namely speculators, developers, financial institutions and those involved in the supply of properties to the market, while consumers and potential buyers have to pay more in order to own their desired property.
Key words: Urbanization, industrialisation, properties, speculation, social impact
ABSTRAK
Prestasi ekonomi yang memberangsangkan yang berpunca dari pertumbuhan sektor perindustrian telah mempercepat proses urbanisasi atau pembandaran di lokasi-lokasi tertentu di Malaysia. Tahap serta kadar urbanisasi semasa yang terus meningkat telah menjana permintaan yang tinggi ke atas harta tanah kediaman, perdagangan, perindustrian dan tanah pertanian dan meningkatkan bilangan transaksi dan nilai harta tanah. Semua ini meningkatkan harga harta tanah di lokasi yang pesat membangun. Artikel ini membuat satu kajian bandingan tentang bilangan transaksi dan nilai harta tanah dan seterusnya harga harta tanah di antara negeri-negeri di zon maju (Selangor dan Pulau Pinang) dengan negeri-negeri di zon kurang maju (Kelantan dan Terengganu). Hal ini berpunca daripada perbezaan tahap dan kadar urbanisasi dan perindustrian di antara negeri-negeri tersebut yang memberi tumpuan berbeza-beza ke atas sektor ekonomi negeri masing-masing. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahawa kesan daripada kenaikan harga harta tanah pada pokoknya menguntungkan pihak-pihak tertentu seperti spekulator, pemaju, institusi kewangan dan mereka yang terlibat dalam pembekalan harta tanah di pasaran manakala pengguna dan bakal pembeli terpaksa berbelanja lebih untuk memiliki harta tanah yang diingini.
Kata kunci: Urbanisasi, perindusirian, harta tanah, spekulasi, kesan sosial
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alonsa, William. 1964. Location and land use. Dlm. Land resource economics: The economis of real property, disunting oleh R. Barlowe. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Alston, J. 1986. An analysis of growth of the US farmland prices. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 68: 1-9.
Anderson, N. 1959. Urbanism and urbanisation. American Journal of Sociology 23: 68-73.
Anuwar Ali & Rajah Rasiah. 1996. Perindustrian dun pembangunan ekonomi di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Bairoch, P. & G. Goertz. 1986. Factors of urbanisation in the nineteenth century developed countries. Urban Studies 23: 285-305.
Balchin, P.N. , G.H. Bul & J.L. Kieve. 1995. Urban land economics and public policy. (5th edition). London: Macmillan.
Barlowe, R. 1972. Land resource economic: The economics of real property. (2nd edition). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Carr, J & L. B. Smith. 1975. Public land banking and price of land. Land Economic 51 : 316-330.
Chinitz, B & R. Dusansky. 1972. Supply of rental housing. American Economic Review 61: 806-817.
Clonts, H.A. 1970. Influence of urbanization on land values at the urban periphery. Land Economics 46: 489-498.
Eckart, W 1983. Land speculation and the rental price of housing. Journal of Urban Economics 13: 1-12. Guest, A. 1973. Urban growth and population density. Demography 10: 53-69.
Harvey, J. 1996. Urban land economics. (4th edition). London: Macmillan.
Hushak, L.J. 1975. The urban demand for urban-rural fringe land. Land Economics 51: 112-123.
Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta. 1990. Laporan Pasaran Harta 1990. Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Percetakan Negara.
Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta. 1991. Laporan Pasaran Harta 1991. Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Percetakan Negara.
Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta. 1992. Laporan Pasaran Harta 1992. Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Percetakan Negara.
Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta. 1993. Laporan Pasaran Harta 1993. Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Percetakan Negara.
Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta. 1994. Laporan Pasaran Harta 1994. Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Percetakan Negara.
Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta. 1995. Laporan Pasaran Harta 1995. Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Percetakan Negara.
Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta. 1996. Laporan Pasaran Harta 1996. Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Percetakan Negara.
Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta. 1997. Laporan Pasaran Harta 1997. Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Percetakan Negara.
Jabatan Penilaian dan Perkhidmatan Harta. 1998. Laporan Pasaran Harta 1998. Kementerian Kewangan Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Percetakan Negara.
Moomaw, R.L. 1988. Agglomeration economies: Localisation or urbanisation. Urban Studies 25: 46-51.
Ozanne, L. & T. Thibodeau. 1983. Explaining metropolitan housing price differences. Journal o f Urban Economics 13: 5 1-66.
Richard, B. 1987. The determinants of nonresidential urban land values. Journal of Urban Economics 22: 340-351.
Richardson, H.W. 1971. Urban economics. 20dedition. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Schnore, L.F. 1987. The statistical measurement of urbanization and economic development. Land Economics 42: 229-241.
Unit Perancangan Ekonomi. 1988. Perangkaan pelbagai parameter ekonomi. Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Kuala Lumpur. Tidak diterbitkan.
Zhang Xing Quan. 1991. Urbanisation in China. Urban Studies 28: 41-51.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 0126-5008
eISSN: 0126-8694