Peranan Negara dan Pembangunan: Ke Arah Sebuah Teori Negara Kleptokratis

SYED FARID ALATAS (National University of Singapore, socsfa@nus.edu.sg)

Abstract


With the establishment of the capitalist mode of production in the Third World, a variety of theoretical perspectives emerged to explain the role of the state in the process of development. Most of these approaches are founded on the assumption of the legitimacy of the state and of political power. This paper aims to discuss the illegitimate and illegal role of the state. This refers to the advancement of the private interests of state elites and officials by making use of the instruments of state power. The role of such a state can be understood by recourse to a theoy that has not yet received much attention, that is, the theory of the kleptocratic state.

Key words: Third World, capitalist mode of production, state, kleptocracy

ABSTRAK

Dengan penyebaran ragam pengeluaran kapitalis di negara-negara Dunia Ketiga telah muncul pelbagai pendekatan teoretis dengan tujuan menghuraikan jenis peranan negara dalam proses pembangunan. Dalam percubaan menyenaraikan dan menjelaskan pelbagai jenis peranan negara dalam proses ini, hampir semua pendekatan yang diterapkan berasaskan kepada andaian bahawa kuasa negara itu adalah sah, yakni, dipertahankan sebagai sah oleh khalayak ramai. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk membahaskan peranan negara yang tidak sah, yang bertentangan dengan undang-undang. Ini merujuk kepada pemajuan kepentingan peribadi pegawai-pegawai dan elit-elit negara dengan memperalatkan jentera negara. Peranan negara seumpama ini dapat difahami dengan merujuk kepada suatu teori negara yang setakat ini kurang diperhatikan, iaitu, teori negara kleptokratis.

Kata kunci: Dunia Ketiga, ragam pengeluaran kapitalis, negara, kleptokrasi


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