Nasionalisme dalam Pembentukan Sebuah Negara Persekutuan: Wacana Teoretikal Berdasarkan Pengalaman Malaysia

VEJAI BALASUBRAMANIAM (Universiti Sains Malaysia, vejai@usm.my)

Abstract


Nationalism and the nationalist project in the newly independent states of Southeast Asia is informed by the objective of creating a nation-state. In view of the polities' extreme diversity in terms of people and culture, the homogenising effect of the project is expected to present significant challenges to the respective governments. The task is especially daunting in states where nationalism led to the formation of a federalist state. This is because the nation-state is viewed or "imagined" as a unitary state. Thus, the economic and political themes of the nationalist project will give rise to problems in Federal-State relations. Discussions on the modernisation process in Malaysia have tended to be overwhelmingly concerned with the implications of the nationalist project on the multi-cultural polity resulting in an inadequate understanding of the scenario. To augment our understanding of modernisation in Malaysia, attention too must be given on its implications on Federal-State relations. This article examines why.

ABSTRAK

Nasionalisme dan agenda nasionalis di negara-negara Asia Tenggara yang baru merdeka mempunyai matlamat membentuk sebuah negara-bangsa. Kesan agenda nasionalis dalam mencapai objektif budaya homogen dijangka memberi cabaran hebat kepada kerajaan-kerajaan Asia Tenggara kerana kepelbagaian cara hidup atau diversiti di sini. Usaha ke arah penghomogenan adalah lebih sukar di negara-negara yang pergerakan nasionalisme mereka membawa kepada pembentukan sebuah negara federalis. Ini kerana negara- bangsa dilihat atau dibayangkan dalam bentuk unitary state. Oleh yang demikian, komponen ekonomi dan politik agenda golongan nasionalis akan mengakibatkan ketegangan dalam perhubungan persekutuan-negeri. Kajian proses modenisasi di Malaysia kebanyakannya menumpu perhatian terhadap kesan agenda nasionalis dalam masyarakat majmuk di Malaysia. Untuk mendapat gambaran yang lebih tepat, perhatian harus diberi kepada implikasi agenda nasionalis dalam perhubungan persekutuan-negeri.


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