Seni Bela Diri Melayu dalam Silat Cekak Pusaka Hanafi (The Malay Martial Art in Silat Cekak Pusaka Hanafi)

Abstract

Kajian ini menganalisis seni bela diri Melayu yang dikenali sebagai Silat Cekak Pusaka Hanafi. Fokus diberikan kepada struktur dan fungsi gerak buah silat yang menjadi kekuatan sebenar pencak persilatan Melayu. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah kajian perpustakaan dan kajian lapangan yang melibatkan pemerhatian ke atas demonstrasi 21 gerak buah silat tersebut serta menemu bual pewaris mutakhir yang masih aktif. Data dianalisis menggunakan Teori Struktural Fungsional oleh Talcott Parson yang mengandungi empat konsep iaitu, adaptasi, tujuan, pemeliharaan pola-pola dan integrasi. Teori ini diaplikasi bagi merungkai aspek struktur dan fungsi gerak buah silat ini. Melalui konsep adaptasi didapati 21 gerak buah diadaptasikan daripada 4 pergerakan solat iaitu, berdoa, qiam, rukuk dan takbiratul ihram bersama 5 bentuk pergerakan asas semula jadi manusia seperti berjalan, menepis, menetak, mencekik dan memijak. Melalui konsep tujuan, didapati 21 gerak buah ini bermatlamat mempertahankan diri dengan dimulakan dari bahagian teratas kepala hingga ke paras paha pesilat. Menerusi konsep pemeliharaan pola-polanya, dilihat bentuk asli 21 gerak buah ini dapat dikekalkan sejak dari 52 tahun lalu diasaskan. Akhirnya menerusi konsep integrasi, dilihat wujud kesepaduan antara adaptasi, tujuan dan pemeliharaan pola-pola dan integrasi 21 gerak buah ini. Dengan ini boleh difahami bahawa struktur dan fungsi dalam 21 gerak buah ini membantu memelihara keaslian persilatan ini. Struktur dan fungsi ini juga memperjelaskan ciptaan gerak buah adalah dipengaruhi oleh ciri-ciri budaya dan akal budi Melayu seperti mencontohi pergerakan solat orang Melayu Islam serta beberapa gerakan asas dalam aktiviti seharian mereka demi menjaga diri dan menyatakan kesyukuran ke atas nikmat pemberian nyawa dan segala anggota tubuh.

Kata kunci: Struktur; fungsi; 21 gerak buah; Silat Cekak Pusaka Hanafi; Teori Struktural Fungsional

Abstract 

This study analyzes the Malay martial arts called Silat Cekak Pusaka Hanafi. Focus is given to the structure and function of the movement of martial arts which is the real strength of these Malay martial arts. This qualitative study use the method of library research and field studies involving observation on the demonstration of 21 movements of silat and interviewing the latest martial arts practitioners who are still active. The data were analyzed using Talcott Parson’s Functional Structural Theory that includes the four concepts of the theory namely adaptation, purpose, maintenance of patterns and integration. This theory is applied to unravel the structure and function of this martial arts movement. Through the concept of adaptation, the 21 movements are adapted from the four prayer movements namely doa, qiam, rukuk and takbiratul ihram along with 5 forms of human nature’s basic movements such as walking, shuffling, stroke, strangling and trample. Through the concept of purpose, it is found that the 21 motion of the movements is aimed to defend itself by starting from the top of the head to the thighs of the pesilat (silat practitioner). Through the concept of pattern maintenance, the form of the originality of the 21 movements can be said to be preserved since 52 years was founded. Furthermore, through the concept of integration, it can be concluded that the relationship between the concept of adaptation, the purpose and the maintenance of the patterns in the whole motion of the movements. The existence of this structure and function has preserved the originality of its movement as a whole. These structures and functions also illustrate how the creation of their movement is influenced by the cultural characteristics and common sense of the Malays by adapting the prayer movements in their religion as well as the basic movements in their daily activities. This is done in order to guard against harm as directed and as a form of manifestation of gratitude for the gift of the body and the life conferred by the divine.

Keywords: Structure; functions; 21 movements; Silat Cekak Pusaka Hanafi; Functional Structural Theory