Tingkah Laku Pengundi Felda dalam PRU-14: Identifikasi Parti, Sosiologikal atau Pilihan Rasional? (Felda’s Voter Behaviour in GE-14: Party Identification,Sociological or Rational Choice?)
Abstract
Sebelum Pilihan Raya Umum ke-14 (PRU-14), Felda adalah kawasan deposit tetap parti pemerintah Barisan Nasional (BN). Ini kerana dalam pilihan raya sebelum ini pengundi Felda telah memberikan kesetiaan kepada BN yang telah banyak berjasa kepada mereka. Selain itu, Felda juga merupakan kawasan pengundi Melayu yang cenderung mengundi berdasarkan pendekatan sosiologikal, iaitu mengundi mengikut kelompok sosial mereka. Namun dalam PRU-14, BN telah gagal mengekalkan deposit tetap ini setelah beberapa kawasan Felda tumbang kepada parti oposisi Pakatan Harapan (PH). Perubahan ini adalah disebabkan oleh banyaknya isu Felda yang berbangkit sehingga pengundi tidak lagi mengundi berdasarkan kesetiaan kepada parti atau kelompok etnik tetapi berdasarkan pilihan rasional.Kajian ini dilakukan menerusi pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan sumber sekunder daripada laporan SPR, buku, jurnal, makalah, laman sesawang, akhbar atas talian dan beberapa bahan lain sebagai data kajian. Data-data ini kemudiannya dianalisis secara kualitatif. Artikel ini membincangkan hal ini dengan memberi fokus kepada tiga perkara berikut. Pertama, menelusuri tingkah laku pengundi Felda sebelum PRU-14. Kedua, mengenal pasti pencapaian parti yang bertanding di kawasan Felda dalam PRU-14. Ketiga, menilai faktor berlakunya perubahan tingkah laku pengundi Felda daripada menjadi deposit tetap BN kepada mengundi oposisi PH. Dapatan kajian mendapati pengundi Felda tidak lagi mengundi mengikut kesetiaan kepada parti atau kelompok etnik, tetapi berdasarkan kepada pilihan rasional, iaitu isu-isu seperti 1MDB, FGV, dan skandal-skandal Felda. Isu-isu ini dengan cepat mempengaruhi tingkah laku pengundi Felda apabila media baharu memainkan peranan dalam menyampaikan maklumat ini kepada mereka. Di akhir analisisnya, artikel ini berhujah peralihan tingkah laku ini telah menyumbang kepada kegagalan BN mempertahankan kuasanya dalam PRU-14.
Kata kunci: PRU-14; pengundi Felda; prestasi parti; tingkah laku pengundi; pilihan rasional
Abstract
Felda settlements have always been Barisan Nasional’s (BN) fixed deposits, but that was prior to the 14th General Election (GE-14). It was mainly due to the settlers’ undivided loyalty to the ruling party in view of its massive contributions in the development of the settlements. In addition, the Malays, a majority ethnic of Felda settlements casted their votes based on sociological approach, ie. votedaccording to social or ethnic group. Unexpectedly, in the GE-14, BN failed to retain its strongholds as numerous Felda constituencies fell to the opposition Pakatan Harapan (PH).The latest Malaysian political tsunamy occurred due to numerous unresolved Felda-related issues. It showcased a major shift in the electorates’ voting behaviour from ethnic-based to rational choice. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach using secondary sources from SPR reports, books, journals, articles, websites, online newspapers and other materials as research data. These data are then analyzed qualitatively. This article discusses the change in regards of three matters. First, identifying the settlers’ voting behaviour prior to the election. Secondly, analyzing contested parties’ electoral performance in the Felda settlements. Thirdly, assessing change factors, or causes of BN’s loss of its fixed deposits to the oppositions. The findings reveal thatvoters in Felda settlements were no longer voting based on loyalty to a party orany ethnic group, but based on rational choice. The electoral decision was based on an array of issues like 1MDB, FGV, and Felda scandals. Theissues plusa role of new media in spreading information and sentiment aggravated the desire to change amongst Felda settlers. In the final analysis, this paper argues the voters in Felda settlements voted on rational choice basis, and the altered voting behaviour contributed to the BN’s failure in retainingits powerin the GE-14.
Keywords: 14th GE; Felda voters; party performance; voting behaviour; rational choice
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