Pelan Induk Perindustrian: Perkembangan Semasa dan Cabaran dalam Tahun 1990-an
Abstract
With the diversification of the economy since the 1960s, the role of the agri cultural sector has relatively declined while that of the manufacturing sector has expanded rapidly especially during the 1970s. The seriousness of the government in implementing its industrial policy was reflected in the launching of the Industrial Master Plan (IMP) in early 1986. Its implementation will determine the country's capability in achieving a similar status as that of the other newly industrialised countries (NlCs). The success of the IMP will depend on the capacity of thepolicy makers and implementors infacing the sosio-economic constraints within the short-and-medium term before the longterm objectives of the IMP could be achieved. In the process of industrial restructuring, there are many challenges that have to be encountered; and these include competition from the NlCs, theproblem of labour absorption into manufacturing including the increasing number of unemployed graduates, the modernization and rationalization of industries inline with the changes in the industrial countries, expanding domestic technological capability, the role of government in industrial R&D, the development of small and medium-scale industries, and the issue of ASEAN regional co-operation. Although there are numerous constraints that have to be resolved, the economic pros pects for Malaysia are relatively promising and the investment climate is still stable. GDP growth in the next few years is expected to be encouraging and it is hoped that this situation will be sustained to allow for continued economic growth so that the industrial restructuring that is needed will take place.
ABSTRAK
Sejakpelbagaianekonomidimulakan dalam tahun-tahun 1960-an,peranan sektor pertanian secara bandingan terus-menerus menurun, sementara peranan sektorperkilangan pula berkembang dengan pesat terutama dalam tahun-tahun 1970-an. Kesungguhan pihak kerajaan untuk melaksanakan dalam perindustrian dicerminkan melalui pelancaran Pelan Induk Per industrian (pip) pada awal tahun 1986. Perlaksanaan PIP akan menentu- kan keupayaan negara ini untuk menjadi setara dengan Negara-Negara Perindustrian Baru (npb) yang lain. Kejayaan PIP akan bergantung kepada keupayaan penggubal-penggubal serta pelaksana-pelaksana dasar negara di dalam menghadapi halangan-halangan sosioekonomi dalam jangka pendek dan pertengahan sebelum matlamatjangka panjang PIP itu dapat dicapai. Di antara cabaran-cabaran yang akan dihadapi dalam proses penyusunan semula sektor perkilangan ialah persaingan dari NPB yang telah jauh lebih maju, masalah penyerapan tenaga buruh termasuk siswazah menganggur yang semakin' ramai bilangannya, memperbaiki dan mengubahsuaikan industri di Malaysia supaya selaras dengan perubahan-perubahan yang berlaku di negara-negara perindustrian, perkembangan keupayaan teknologi tempatan untuk mengurangkan pergantungan kepada teknologi asing, peranan kerajaan di dalam Penyelidikan dan Pembangunan, pembangunan industri-industri kecil dan sederhana serta isu kerjasama reginal di antara negara-negara ASEAN. Walaupun terdapat beberapa halangan-halangan yang perlu diselesaikan, masa depan ekonomi Malaysia adalah secara relatifnya cerah dan suasana pelaburan masih stabil. Pertumbuhan KDNK dalam beberapa tahun yang akan datang ini dijangka bertambah cerah, dan diharapkan suasana ini akan kekal untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berterusan bagi membolehkan penyusunan semula industri yang diperlukan oleh negara.
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