Challenges faced by young women with premarital pregnancy: a qualitative exploration through a multiple-case study (Cabaran yang dihadapi oleh wanita muda yang mengandung di luar nikah: ekplorasi kualitatif melalui kajian kes berganda)

Hizlinda Tohid, Noor Azimah Muhammad, Naemah Sharifuddin, Wan Fadhilah Wan Ismail, Rosdina Abdul Kahar, Nafiza Mat Nasir, Nazrila Hairizan Nasir, Nik Rubiah Rashid, Khairani Omar

Abstract


Unplanned and unwanted pregnancy is a challenging life event, especially to young unmarried women in Malaysia as they often left unsupported. Using theory of resilience, this study aimed to explore challenges faced by non-institutionalised young unmarried women who decided to keep their pregnancy. By understanding their challenges, we could recognise their main needs for planning of effective strategies and policies that can help them to cope better with their pregnancy and prepare for their future. This was a qualitative exploration study using a multiple-case study design. Five pregnant women recruited from two primary care clinics, aged 18 years and above, with different life experiences and at different trimester underwent in-depth interviews. Data was examined using thematic analysis and compared across the five cases. The main challenges during pregnancy faced by the unmarried women were: (1) avoiding social stigma, (2) having poor psychosocial support from family, and (3) preparing for future. They were worried about financial security, childcare, illegitimate status of their child, housing arrangement and stable employment. Thus, they need to be supported in these areas. Although these young women in the community appeared to be self-reliant, independent and strong minded, they need to be supported especially from their own family members, parents, peers, health care providers and organisation for a better future for them and their children.

Keywords: Premarital pregnancy; challenges; stigma; support; qualitative

 

Abstract

 

Kandungan tidak dirancang dan diingini adalah satu peristiwa kehidupan yang mencabar, terutama bagi wanita muda yang belum berkahwin di Malaysia kerana mereka sering dipinggirkan tanpa sokongan. Dengan menggunakan teori kebingkasan, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyelami cabaran yang dihadapi oleh wanita muda belum berkahwin yang tidak menghuni mana-mana institusi dan telah mengambil keputusan untuk meneruskan kandungan mereka. Dengan memahami cabaran-cabaran mereka, kita dapat mengenalpasti keperluan utama mereka bagi merancang strategi dan polisi yang efektif dan dapat membantu wanita muda ini menghadapi kandungan mereka dengan lebih baik dan bersedia untuk masa hadapan. Ini adalah kajian kualitatif eksplorasi dengan menggunakan kajian kes berganda. Lima wanita mengandung berumur 18 tahun dan lebih, mempunyai pengalaman kehidupan berbeza dan berada pada pelbagai tahap kandungan dari dua klinik kesihatan telah ditemuduga secara mendalam. Data diproses menggunakan analisa tematik dan tema perbandingan dilakukan untuk kesemua kes.  Cabaran utama mengandung yang dihadapi oleh wanita belum berkahwin ini adalah (1) mengelakkan stigma sosial (2) mempuyai sokongan psikososial keluarga yang lemah dan (3) bersedia untuk masa hadapan. Mereka bimbang mengenai kedudukan kewangan, penjagaan anak, status sah anak, penginapan dan pekerjaan yang stabil. Oleh itu mereka memerlukan sokongan dalam perkara-perkara ini. Walaupun mereka kelihatan tidak bergantung kepada orang lain, berdikari dan tegas, mereka memerlukan sokongan terutama daripada keluarga, ibu bapa, rakan-rakan, warga kesihatan dan organisasi untuk masa hadapan yang lebih baik bagi mereka dan anak mereka.

Kata kunci: Kehamilan luar nikah; cabaran; stigma; sokongan; kualitatif

 


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