Impak Kemiskinan Bandar Terhadap Faktor Kewujudan Golongan Belia Lewat Kembang Di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (IPT) (Impact Of Urban Poverty Towards The Existence Factors of Late Bloomers Among Youth In Higher Education Institution)

Abstract

Kemiskinan yang menular dalam kalangan masyarakat di bandar telah memberi kesan negatif kepada pembangunan pendidikan dalam kalangan belia di Malaysia. Kesan kemiskinan yang diwarisi dari generasi ke generasi telah melahirkan golongan yang lambat menyambung pengajian mereka di peringkat pengajian tinggi di luar garis waktu normal iaitu setelah tamat persekolahan formal. Golongan ini dikenali sebagai golongan belia lewat kembang khusus dalam pendidikan di peringkat pengajian tinggi. Kelewatan daripada garis waktu normal untuk menyambung pengajian di peringkat pengajian tinggi ini juga tidak terhad kepada golongan luar bandar, malah belia lewat kembang di kawasan bandar lebih merasai tekanan itu. Golongan belia lewat kembang ini seringkali dicicirkan daripada sistem pendidikan kerana tumpuan meningkatkan pendidikan sering difokuskan kepada kelompok luar bandar. Maka, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenalpasti impak kemiskinan bandar terhadap perkembangan pendidikan dalam kalangan belia lewat kembang. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah fenomenologi (phenomenology) bagi memahami pengalaman sebenar informan serta membantu pengkaji mendapatkan hasil kajian yang lebih tepat dan terperinci. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kemiskinan bandar yang diwarisi iaitu dari segi faktor kerjaya dan sosioekonomi jelas memberi kesan negatif terhadap perkembangan pendidikan golongan belia yang seterusnya menyumbang kepada kewujudan golongan belia lewat kembang di Insitusi Pengajian Tinggi (IPT). Melalui faktor kerjaya, golongan lewat kembang ini berhasrat menjadikan pendidikan yang diperolehi daripada peringkat pengajian tinggi mampu memberikan peluang meningkatkan kerjaya sedia ada mereka. Manakala, faktor sosioekonomi pula mendapati bahawa perubahan status sosioekonomi mereka boleh diperbaiki melalui pendidikan diperingkat pengajian tinggi. Kesimpulannya, tanggungjawab semua pihak untuk membentuk peluang kepada golongan belia miskin bandar terutamanya dari aspek pendidikan.

Kata kunci: Miskin bandar; lewat kembang; belia; fenomenologi; pembangunan.

Abstract

Poverty spread among urban communities has negatively impacted the development of education among youth in Malaysia. The impact of poverty is inherited from generation to generation have been producing to those who are pursuing their studies at tertiary level beyond the normal time line, which is after graduation from formal secondary schooling. This group is known as the late-bloomers youth particularly in pursuing education at the tertiary level. The delayed from the normal time line to pursue higher education are not only limited to the rural people, and even the late-bloomers youth in the urban areas more likely to feel the pressure. The late-bloomers youth are often excluded from the education system as the focus on improving education is often focused on rural groups. Thus, this study was carried out to identify the impact of urban poverty on the development of education in late-bloomers youth. This study used the phenomenology method to understand the actual experience of the informant and help the reviewer to obtain more precise and detailed of the results. The results of the study found that the inherited urban poverty in terms of employment and socioeconomic factors clearly gave a negative impression on the development of youth education which subsequently contributed to the existence of the late-bloomers youth group at the Higher Education Institution (IPT). Through the employment factor, the late-bloomers youth group seek for the opportunities to increase their working ability through education certification. Meanwhile, through socioeconomic factors find that changes in their socioeconomic status may be improved through education at the level of higher education. In conclusion, it is the responsibility of all parties to create opportunities for the urban poor youth especially in terms of improving education at the tertiary level.

Keywords: Urban poverty; late bloomers; youth; phenomenology; development.