Pendekatan Koperasi Dalam Membangunkan Inap Desa: Penerimaan Komuniti Inap Desa (Cooperative Approach in Developing Homestay: Acceptance from Homestay Community)
Abstract
Inap desa merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang sering digunakan dalam membangunkan pelancongan desa. Dalam membangunkan inap desa ini, ramai sarjana mengetengahkan pendekatan pelancongan berasaskan komuniti adalah satu cara yang berkesan dan membawa kejayaan kepada pengusaha mahupun kepada komuniti inap desa. Sebaliknya ada sarjana yang mengemukakan pendekatan koperasi dalam membangunkan inap desa. Malahan, sebahagian daripada inap desa yang berjaya meraih kejayaan mencapai Asean Homestay Standard adalah inap desa yang mengendalikannya secara koperasi. Namun, bagaimana pendekatan ini dilaksanakan dalam membangun program inap desa amat terhad penulisannya. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengetengahkan bagaimana komuniti menerima koperasi dalam membangunkan program inap desa. Kajian ini adalah berasaskan sebuah survei yang melibatkan sejumlah 122 ahli koperasi di tiga inap desa yang telah memenangi anugerah Asean Homestay Standard di Negeri Sembilan iaitu Homestay Pachitan, Homestay Lonek dan Homestay Rawa. Dapatan kajian mengemukakan pendekatan yang memberikan kelebihan kepada kerjasama padu di antara ahli koperasi dengan komuniti dalam menjayakan inap desa. Para ahli koperasi dan komuniti menerima pendekatan koperasi dengan baik kerana pengurusannya ini bersifat dua hala, berpenglibatan dan menambah entiti inap desa sebagai satu perniagaan. Para ahli dan komuniti terlibat bukan sahaja di peringkat perancangan, pembangunan dan pelaksanaannya, tetapi juga menilai prestasi mereka secara bersama. Penekanan kepada bidang govenans, perniagaan, promosi dan penilaian serta pembangunan modal insan memberikan kelainan kepada ahli dan komuniti inap desa. Pendekatan koperasi ini bukan sahaja menggalas harapan ahli dan komuniti, tetapi berjaya memperkasakan mereka dan membuktikan inap desa merupakan sebuah model pembangunan pelancongan berasaskan komuniti yang berjaya.
Kata kunci: inap desa, koperasi, komuniti, pembangunan dan pelaksanaan, penilaian
AbstractHomestay is one of the approaches often sought in developing rural tourism. In developing homestays, many scholars reveal that a community-based tourism approach is an effective and successful way of leveraging entrepreneurs as well as homestay community. On another note, scholars suggest the cooperative approach is a successful means for homestay development. In fact, part of the successful homestays which have achieved the Asean Homestay Standard are the homestays operated through cooperatives. However, how this approach is implemented is scarcely researched. This paper aims to uncover the mechanism on how cooperatives develop homestay programs and how they can sustain acceptance of members of the community. This study is based on the in-depth research and a survey of 122 cooperative members in three homestays, that have won the Asean Homestay Standard in Negeri Sembilan comprising the Pachitan Homestay, Lonek Homestay and Rawa Homestay. The findings reveal a cooperative approach that benefits the community in facilitating homestay development. The co-operatives and communities have embraced the cooperative approach well because its management is two-way, engaging and add values, homestay as a business. Members and communities are involved not only in the planning, development and implementation stages, but also in the assessment of their performance. Emphasis on the governance, business, promotion and evaluation as well as human capital development has made a difference for members and the community. This cooperative approach not only uplifts the hopes of members and the community, but also empowers them and proves that homestay is a successful community-based tourism development model.
Keywords: homestay, cooperation, community, development and planning, evaluation
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