Kemampuan Pemilikan Rumah dalam Kalangan M40 di Malaysia (Home Ownership Affordability Among M40 in Malaysia)

Rosliana Mohamed, Zaimah Ramli, Sarmila Md Sum

Abstract


Memiliki rumah sendiri merupakan suatu perkara yang sangat penting dalam menjamin rasa selamat setiap individu dan keluarga.  Namun, kenaikan harga rumah yang senantiasa berlaku dari setahun ke setahun memberikan tekanan kepada mereka yang belum memiliki rumah sendiri, terutamanya mereka yang bekerja dan menetap di bandar-bandar utama di Malaysia.  Harga rumah yang ditawarkan di kawasan bandar amat mahal harganya secara bandingan.  Hal ini menyebabkan golongan berpendapatan rendah dan berpendapatan pertengahan sukar untuk memiliki rumah sendiri.  Justeru kajian ini bertujuan mengenalpasti faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan pemilikan rumah dalam kalangan penjawat awam kumpulan pendapatan pertengahan (M40). Kajian berbentuk kuantitatif menggunakan kaedah survei. Borang soal selidik digunakan sebagai instrumen pengutipan data. Sampel kajian adalah penjawat awam yang berkhidmat di Wilayah Persekutuan Putrajaya. Analisis deskriptif digunakan bagi menjawab objektif kajian. Secara umum, hasil kajian mendapati kemampuan penjawat awam dalam kumpulan M40 untuk memiliki rumah adalah pada tahap sederhana. Hasil kajian mendapati faktor pendapatan, harga dan jenis rumah adalah faktor utama yang mempengaruhi pemilikan rumah dalam kalangan penjawat awam B40. Manakala, kadar pembiayaan dan insentif perumahan adalah faktor sampingan dalam penentuan pemilikan rumah. Penemuan ini perlu diberi perhatian oleh penggubal polisi dalam usaha merangka dan menambahbaik pelaksanaan dasar dan pembangunan perumahan negara.  Hal ini perlu demi memenuhi keperluan sebenar penjawat awam M40 dalam memiliki rumah demi keselesaan dan kesejahteraan hidup berkeluarga.

 

Kata kunci: Pemilikan rumah; kemampuan; pendapatan; penjawat awam; kumpulan M40

 

 Abstract

 

Homeownership is very important in ensuring the safety of individuals and families.  However, the continuous rise in house prices from year to year puts pressure on the homeless, especially those working and living in major cities in Malaysia. The price of a house offered in the urban area is relatively very expensive. This makes it difficult for the low-income and middle-income groups to have a home of their own. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify factors that influence the ability of homeownership among middle-income group civil servants (M40). A quantitative study using a survey method is adopted. The questionnaires were used as the data collection instrument. The study sample were the civil servant serving in the Federal Territory of Putrajaya. Descriptive analysis is used to answer the objectives of the study. In general, the results show that the ability of civil servants in the M40 group to own a home is relatively modest. The study found that the factors of income, price and type of home are the major factors affecting homeownership among B40 civil servants. Whereas, financing rates and housing incentives are the factors in determining homeownership. These findings need to be addressed by policymakers in the effort to draft and improve the implementation of national housing policy and development. This is necessary to meet the real needs of M40 civil servants in owning a home for the comfort and well-being of their family.

 

Keywords: Homeownership; affordability; income; civil servant; M40


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