Career Self-Efficacy among Undergraduate Student in a Public University (Efikasi Kendiri Kerjaya dalam Kalangan Pelajar Ijazah Pertama di Universiti Awam)

Abstract

Career readiness among university students including careerplanning, choosing and making career decisions. This study aims to identify the career self-efficacy among first-degree students and to measure the differences between education field clusters and gender. This study uses survey design to identify the student’s career self-efficacy pattern. 1391 first-degree students involved as sample in this study. Instrument used in this study is Career Decision Self-Efficacy (CDSE-SF). Data was analysed descriptively, t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results found that career self-efficacy level was low (1.5%), moderate (37.1%) and high (61.4%). One-way ANOVA analysis shows that there are no significant differences between science and technology, health and medical science, and social science [F (2.1388) = 2.81, p > .05]. While t-test found that there are no significant differences between gender [t = -1.539, p > .05]. This study implies that first-degree students that have low and moderate level career readiness needs appropriate intervention. Implication of this study to develop career profiling and build a career intervention programs based on needs of the students. Also the important of career counsellor in university to enhance graduate employability rate through a systematic career development programs. Future study needs to focus on the career intervention that improves career readiness among students. And also focus on longitudinal study to comparison of the few batches of the undergraduate students.

Keyword: Career readiness;career self-efficacy;first-degree students;education field cluster; gender

Abstrak

Kesediaan kerjaya pelajar university melibatkan perancangan, pemilihan dan membuat keputusan kerjaya. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti efikasi kendiri kerjaya dalam kalangan pelajar ijazah pertama. Di samping mengukur perbezaan efikasi kendiri kerjaya antara gugusan pengajian. Menggunakan reka bentuk kajian tinjauan bagi menentukan tahap efikasi kendiri kerjaya pelajar. Seramai 1,391 orang pelajar ijazah pertama terlibat sebagai sampel kajian. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Career Decision Self-efficacy (CDSE-SF). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, ujian t dan ANOVA sehala. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap efikasi kendiri kerjaya berada pada tahap rendah (1.5%), sederhana (37.1 %) dan tinggi (61.4%). Di samping analisis ANOVA satu hala menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan signifikan antara sains dan teknologi, sains kesihatan dan perubatan dan sains sosial [F(2,1388)= 2.81, p>.05]. Sementara ujian t mendapati tidak terdapat perbezaan antara jantina [t = -1.539, p> .05]. Implikasi kajian menjelaskan bahawa pelajar ijazah pertama mempunyai tahap kesediaan kerjaya rendah dan sederhana yang memerlukan intervensi yang bersesuaian. Disamping, peranan kaunselor kerjaya di university dalam meningkatkan kebolehpasaran graduan dengan melaksana program pembangunan kerjaya secara sistematik. Cadangan kajian lanjutan hendaklah memberi fokus terhadap kajian intervensi kerjaya bagi meningkatkan kesediaan kerjaya dalam kalangan pelajar; dan juga menjalankan kajian perbandingan antara tahap pengajian pelajar.

Kata kunci: Kesediaan kerjaya; efikasi kendiri kerjaya; pelajar ijazah pertama; cluster pengajian; jantina