Tarekat Ahmad B. Idris Al-Fasi dan Pengaruhnya di Malaysia (Tariqa Ahmad B. Idris Al-Fasi and Its Influence in Malaysia)

Abstract

Tarekat Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah adalah sebuah tarekat yang masyhur di dunia Islam. Ia dinisbahkan kepada Sayyid Abu al-`Abbas Ahmad b. Idris al-Hasani al-Ara`ishi al-Fasi (1757-1837M). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menghuraikan tentang sejarah kemunculan tarekat tersebut dan pengaruhnya di Malaysia. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, kaedah penyelidikan secara kualitatif digunakan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan dua kaedah, iaitu kajian kepustakaan dan analisis dokumen. Maklumat yang diperolehi telah dianalisis menggunakan kaedah persejarahan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tarekat Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah pada awalnya merupakan sebuah gerakan tajdid berasaskan kerohanian. Setelah kewafatan Sayyid Ahmad B. Idris, ajaran beliau telah disebarkan melalui pendekatan institusi tarekat yang berbagai. Tarekat Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah di Malaysia telah dibawa masuk ke Malaysia bermula sekitar pertengahan abad ke-19 Masihi dari Mekah. Sejak dibawa masuk ke Malaysia, pengaruhnya tersebar ke beberapa buah negeri di Malaysia hingga masih diamalkan hingga kni melalui para pengikut kepada murid-murid Sayyid Ahmad B. Idris. Semenjak ia diperkenalkan di Malaysia, ia telah menjadi sebuah tarekat yang berpengaruh di beberapa buah negeri di Malaysia terutama di Negeri Sembilan and Kelantan. Perkembangan mutakhir Tarekat Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah menunjukkan dominasi peranan dan pengaruh besar keturunan Sayyid Ahmad B. Idris yang berasal Sudan. Setelah hampir dua abad, pengamalan Tarekat ini di Malaysia masih kuat dipertahankan melalui jaringan hubungan guru-murid di peringkat antarangsa menggunakan pendekatan institusi tarekat.

Kata kunci: Tarekat, Tarekat Muhammadiyyah, Ahmadiyyah, Idrisiyyah, Zikir

Abstract

The Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah is a well-known tariqa in the Muslim World. It is been associated to Sayyid Abu al-`Abbas Ahmad b. Idris al-Hasani al-Ara`ishi Al-Fasi (1757-1837). This article aims to expose the emergence of the tariqa and its influence in Malaysia. To achieve the objectives, this article employs a qualitative research method. Data collection is done by two methods, namely library research and document analysis. The obtained data were then analysed using historical analysis. The result of this study shows that Tariqa Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah was originally a spiritual base reform movement. After the demise of Sayyid Ahmad B. Idris, his teachings have been spread through the medium of various tariqa instituitions by his students. The Tariqa Ahmadiyyah Idrisiyyah in Malaysia has been introduced into Malaysia around the middle of the 19^th century from Mecca through the followers of Sayyid Ahmad B. Idris’ students. Since its introduction to Malaysia, it has become an influence tariqa in several states of Malaysia especially in Negeri Sembilan and Kelantan. Recent development of the Tariqa Ahmadiyya Idrisiyya shows the role and dominance of role of the Sayyid Ahmad B. Idris descendents from Sudan in spreading the tariqa influence within the Muslim community in Malaysia.  After nearly two centuries, the practiced of the Tariqa in Malaysia has been sustained through the chain of teacher-student relationship at the international level using the tariqa institutional approach .

Keywords: Tariqa, Tariqa Muhammadiyyah, Ahmadiyyah, Idrisiyyah, Dhikr