Impak Pelancongan terhadap Kualiti Hidup Bandar: Perspektif Penduduk Putrajaya (Tourism Impact on Urban Quality of Life: Perspectives from the Putrajaya Residents)

Abstract

Tourism plays important roles in determining the level of community well-being or quality of life in a city. Studies show that tourism are positively perceived by residents when they benefit from tourism activities. This article aims to evaluate the perception of residents living in Putrajaya on tourism development whether they have gained benefits or otherwise, and thus affect the quality of their lives. This study was based on a field survey of 200 residents staying in Putrajaya. Five indicators of quality of life that determine the community well-being were accessed - the material/ economic, emotional, social and cultural, community and environmental, health and safety. The results show that the emotional well-being were ranked the highest average mean 3.62 and among the underlying factors are acceptance of tourists’ arrivals without compromising their comfort and happiness. Meanwhile, the material/economic well-being was at average mean of 2.67, which means that tourism had been affecting them at a minimal level ofcommunity well- being. This is because, majority residents felt that they did not involved actively in the business and entrepreneurial tourism related activities. This study concludes that tourism affect quality of life of Putrajaya residents. With more concerted efforts in making them more inclusive, Putrajaya will become one of the examples in promoting a well being and participative residents participation in urban tourism.

Keywords: Tourism; quality of life; economic well being; emotional well being; community

ABSTRAK

Pelancongan memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan tahap kualiti hidup atau kesejahteraan penduduk di sesebuah bandar. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelancongan boleh diterima secara positif oleh penduduk apabila mereka mendapat faedah daripada aktiviti pelancongan yang dijalankan. Artikel ini bertujuan menilai persepsi penduduk di Putrajaya terhadap pembangunan pelancongan sama ada mereka telah mendapat manfaat atau sebaliknya, dan seterusnya mempengaruhi tahap kualiti hidup mereka. Satu kajian dijalankan ke atas 200 responden penduduk yang menetap di Putrajaya. Lima petunjuk kualiti hidup telah digunakan dalam mengenal pasti tahap kesejahteraan penduduk - kebendaan/ekonomi, emosi, sosial dan budaya, komuniti dan alam sekitar, kesihatan dan keselamatan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa kesejahteraan emosi memperoleh purata min tertinggi iaitu 3.62 dan antara faktor tersebut ialah penerimaan kedatangan pelancong tanpa menjejaskan keselesaan dan kebahagiaan penduduk tempatan. Sementara itu, kesejahteraan kebendaan/ekonomi memperoleh purata min sebanyak 2.67, bermakna pelancongan hanya memberikan impak minimum daripada segi kesejahteraan penduduk. Ini kerana, majoriti penduduk merasakan bahawa mereka tidak terlibat secara aktif dalam perniagaan dan aktiviti pelancongan keusahawanan. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini telah membuktikan pelancongan sememangnya mempengaruhi kualiti hidup penduduk yang tinggal di Putrajaya. Dengan usaha yang lebih bersepadu dan inklusif, Putrajaya akan menjadi salah satu contoh untuk mempromosi penyertaan penduduk bandar dalam aktiviti pelancongan.

Kata kunci: Pelancongan; kualiti hidup; kesejahteraan ekonomi; kesejahteraan emosi; komuniti