Governance and Freshwater in the Greater Kuala Lumpur Area/Klang Valley: Success or Failure?
Abstract
Much of Malaysia's population is likely to be directly or indirectly affected by climate change-induced freshwater scarcity, which is related to changes in the amount, timing, and distribution of rainfall, and in the amount, quality and accessibility of surface and groundwater. Due to globalization, population growth, increasing agricultural, urban and industrial demands are creating more competition for water resources. The concept of governance is important to be explored as it has serious implications for freshwater availability and human security in Malaysia. This paper explores the relationship between climate change, freshwater and governance in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. It also discusses why those who are most likely to be negatively affected by climate change and freshwater scarcity, are also most likely to experience the negative outcomes of poor governance. It is demonstrated that actual and notional water scarcity is influenced by policy decisions as much as it is by changes in physical supply.
Keywords: Climate change, governance, freshwater, human security
ABSTRAK
Ramai penduduk Malaysia berkemungkinan besar terjejas secara langsung atau sebaliknya dengan masalah kekurangan bekalan air tawar akibat perubahan iklim yang menyebabkan waktu dan taburan hujan jadi tidak menentu sehingga mengurangkan jumlah, mutu serta akses kepada air berkenaan di permukaan bumi dan bawah tanah. Hakikat ini menyebabkan proses globalisasi, pertambahan penduduk serta kemajuan di sektor pertanian, perbandaran dan perindustrian meningkatkan lagi persiangan untuk memperolehi bekalan air tawar di hari muka. Lantaran inilah konsep urustadbir air tawar menjadi penting untuk ditikberatkan. Maka, berasaskan hakikat inilah juga kertas ini berusaha untuk menganalisis kaitan perubahan iklim dengan bekalan serta sistem urustadbir air tawar di Lembah Klang, Malaysia. Ia juga berusaha untuk menghuraikan mengapakah pihak yang berkemungkinan besar terjejas oleh perubahan iklim dan bekalan air tawar akan melalui pengalaman getir akibat sistem urustadbir air yang lemah. Selanjutnya, kertas ini berusaha untuk membuktikan bahawa masalah kekurangan bekalan air tawar akibat perubahan iklim ini juga turut dipengaruhi oleh keputusan dasar kerajaan dan pelaksanaannya.
Kata kunci: Perubahan iklim, urustadbir, air tawar, keselamatan insan
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ISSN: 0126-5008
eISSN: 0126-8694