Amalan Strategi Mendengar dan Bertutur Bahasa Arab dalam Kalangan Pelajar (Practice of Arabic Listening and Speaking Strategies among Students)
Abstract
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti usaha yang dilakukan oleh pelajar untuk menguasai kemahiran lisan sebagai satu kemahiran yang sangat penting dalam pemerolehan bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi. Oleh yang demikian, penguasaan kemahiran lisan masih menjadi persoalan pokok dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab secara khasnya. Hal ini diyakini berkait rapat dengan cara pembelajaran yang diamalkan oleh pelajar. Dalam kemahiran lisan terdapat dua strategi yang diperincikan untuk memastikan kemahiran lisan diperolehi, iaitu strategi mendengar dan strategi bertutur. Kedua-dua strategi ini sangat berkait rapat untuk memperolehi kemahiran lisan dalam pembelajaran bahasa. Sikap pelajar terhadap strategi ini sangat penting untuk menentukan mereka mencapai kemahiran lisan yang sewajarnya. Dari segi metodologi, kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif untuk mengumpul dan menjalankan analisis data. Instrumen soal selidik juga diadaptasi daripada Cohen dan Oxfords (2002) yang tertumpu kepada startegi mendengar (4 konstruk) dan bertutur (5 konstruk). Bagi mengukur sikap pula, tiga komponen sikap dinilai iaitu kognitif, afektif dan konatif (8 item). Seramai 314 peserta kajian yang terlibat dalam menjawab maklum balas soal selidik yang diedarkan sendiri oleh pengkaji. Data yang dikutip kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan perisian SmartPLS versi 3.2.9. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa responden mengamalkan strategi mendengar dan strategi bertutur untuk memperolehi kemahiran lisan. Namun begitu dari aspek hubungan sikap mereka terhadap strategi mendengar adalah lebih rendah (4.983) berbanding dengan strategi bertutur (7.700). Implikasi kajian ini menunjukkan perlunya kemahiran mendengar ditingkatkan dalam kalangan pelajar bahasa Arab. Hal ini boleh dicapai dengan melaksanakan sesi mendengar secara kerap dan penyediaan bahan-bahan yang bersesuai dengan tahap pelajar dan silibus pembelajaran yang tersedia.
Kata kunci: Kemahiran; lisan; pembelajaran; strategi; sikap
Abstract
This study aims to identify the efforts made by students to master the oral skills in the acquisition of language as a communication tool. Therefore, the mastery of oral skills is still a key issue in learning Arabic in particular. This is believed to be closely related to the way of learning practiced by students. In oral skills there are two strategies detailed to ensure that oral skills are acquired, namely listening strategy and speaking strategy. These two strategies are often closely related to gaining oral skills in language learning. Students ’attitudes toward these strategies are critical to ensuring they achieve appropriate verbal skills. This study uses a quantitative approach to collect and conduct data analysis. The questionnaire instrument was also adapted from Cohen and Oxfords (2002) which focused on listening (4 constructs) and speaking (5 constructs) strategies. To measure attitude, three components of attitude were assessed, namely cognitive, affective and conative (8 items). A total of 314 participants were involved in the questionnaire responses operated by the researchers. The collected data were then analyzed using SmartPLS software version 3.2.9. The findings of this study show that respondents practice listening strategies and speaking strategies to acquire oral skills. However, respondents’ attitudes towards listening strategies are lower (4.983) compared to speaking strategies (7.700). The implications of this study indicate the need for improved listening skills among Arabic language learners. This can be achieved by conducting regular listening sessions and providing materials appropriate to the level of students and the learning syllabus available.
Keywords: Skill; verbal; learning; strategy; attitude
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