Malaysian Solidarity Convention (MSC): Pembentukan dan Perjuangan terhadap konsep Malaysian Malaysia, 1965-1966 (Malaysian Solidarity Convention (MSC): Formation and struggle of the Malaysian Malaysia concept, 1965-1966)
Abstract
Artikel ini membincangkan pembentukan Malaysian Solidarity Convention (MSC) yang bermatlamat untuk memperjuangkan konsep Malaysian Malaysia. MSC secara rasminya telah dibentuk pada 9 Mei 1965 dan merupakan sebuah gabungan parti-parti politik pembangkang yang terdiri daripada People's Action Party (PAP), United Democratic Party (UDP), People’s Progressive Party (PPP), Sarawak United Peoples’ Party (SUPP) dan Parti Machinda. Pembentukan MSC telah digerakkan oleh PAP terutama sekali Lee Kuan Yew dan Toh Chin Chye yang berusaha mendapatkan sokongan dalam kalangan parti-parti pembangkang. Sehubungan itu, objektif penulisan ini adalah untuk meneliti usaha pembentukan MSC yang dibentuk berdasarkan matlamat untuk memperjuangkan konsep Malaysian Malaysia. Perbincangan ini merangkumi perkembangan MSC dalam menggerakkan perjuangan konsep Malaysian Malaysia sejak penubuhan gabungan ini sehingga selepas penyingkiran Singapura daripada Persekutuan Malaysia iaitu sepanjang 1965 sehingga 1966. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kajian sejarah dengan menganalisis dokumen seperti DO 169/526, 527, 529, DO 530, PREM 13/429, 430 dan Fail PDRM SR/88. Selain itu kajian ini juga menggunakan sumber akhbar iaitu Berita Harian dan The Straits Times. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa pembentukan MSC berjaya mendapat sokongan dan penyertaan dalam kalangan parti bercorak pelbagai kaum. Pembentukan gabungan ini memberi kekuatan dengan menampilkan sokongan daripada parti-parti pembangkang yang bersatu meletakkan matlamat memperjuangkan konsep Malaysian Malaysia. Gabungan ini tetap bertahan dan bergerak setelah penyingkiran Singapura. Walau bagaimanapun, MSC tidak dapat bertahan lama setelah pada akhirnya mengalami kemerosotan dan berlaku perpecahan.
Kata Kunci: Malaysian Solidarity Convention (MSC); Malaysian Malaysia; Lee Kuan Yew; Negara Bangsa, Parti Tindakan Rakyat (PETIR)
Abstract
This article discusses about the formation of the Malaysian Solidarity Convention (MSC) which aims to establish the concept of Malaysian Malaysia. The MSC officially formed on 9 May 1965, is a coalition of opposition political parties which consists of the People's Action Party (PAP), United Democratic Party (UDP), People’s Progressive Party (PPP), Sarawak United Peoples’ Party (SUPP) dan Machinda. The formation of the MSC led by the PAP leaders especially Lee Kuan Yew and Toh Chin Chye who seek the support of opposition parties. The objective of this article is to examine the course of the MSC formation which aims to fight for the concept of Malaysian Malaysia. This discussion covers about the development of the MSC which in struggle for the concept of Malaysian Malaysia since the formation of this coalition until after the separation of Singapore from the Malaysia, throughout 1965 until 1966. The history methodology used to analyse the documents such as DO 169/526, 527, 529, DO 530, PREM 13/429, 430 and PDRM file SR/88. This research also used newspapers such as Berita Harian and The Straits Times. The study found that the formation of MSC received support and participation from among the multi-racial parties. Support and unification from the opposition parties gave strength to achieve the concept of Malaysian Malaysia. The coalition remained survived and continuing aim for the Malaysian Malaysia concept even after the separation of Singapore. However, MSC does not survive for long time after facing deterioration and split out.
Keywords: Malaysian Solidarity Convention (MSC); Malaysian Malaysia; Lee Kuan Yew; Nation State, People’s Action Party (PAP)
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Albert Lau. 1998. A Moment of Anguish: Singapore in Malaysia and the Politics of Disengagemet. Singapore: Times Academic Press.
Berita Harian. 1965. PAP Malaya Batal: Tiga Alasan, 10 September.
Berita Harian. 1965. Rapat Umum konvenshen Setiakawan di-Tanggoh, 28 Julai.
Dewan Rakyat Malaysia. 1965. Penyata Rasmi Dewan Rakyat. 27 Mei. 2(2): 499-644. Parlimen kedua Penggal Kedua.
DO 169/426. PAP and Malayan Elections.
DO 169/526. 11/298/1: British High Commission, Kuala Lumpur, December 23 1964.
DO 169/526. 1965. Guardian. Malayan Animositiy in Open Again, Plans for United Opposition, 12 May.
DO 169/527. Sir Saville Garner K.C.M.G. Commonwealth Relations Office, London 21 September 1964.
DO 169/529. Communal Relations in Malaysia and Relations Between the Central Government and the New States.
DO 169/529. Sarawak United Peoples Party: Affiliations by Special Branch Sarawak Constabulary, Kuching 22 Febuaray 1965.
DO 169/529. Statement by the Convenors of the Malaysia Solidarity National Convention.
DO 169/530. 1965. Guardian. Call for ‘popular Malaysian Malaysia’, 31 May
DO 169/530. Addressed to C.R.O. Telegram No. 1020 of 10 June.
DO 169/530: Defence and Oversea Policy Committee, Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations.
DO 169/530. Guidance Survey 19/65, Malaysia: Federal/state Relations.
Fail PDRM. SR/88. Annex A. (SR) 61/1: Letter to all Chief Police Officers.
Pejabat Ketua Pegawai Polis (Cawangan Ipoh). Bil. SF 133/46/896 (s), Malaysian Solidarity (MSC).
Fail PDRM. SR/88. Annex A. Bil: SF.133/46/896(Y), Malaysian Solidarity Convention (MSC) Brief for IGP.
Fail PDRM. SR/88. Annex A. Bilangan: (M)SF.133/46/896(Y) Vol. 4. Penolong Kanan Pesurohjaya “D” Negeri-Negeri Tanah Melayu. Malaysian Solidarity Convention (MSC).
Fail PDRM. SR/88. Annex A. Extract from the Straits Times, 10 May 1965.
Fail PDRM. SR/88. Annex A. Pejabat Ketua Pegawai Polis (Cawangan Ipoh). Bil. SF 133/46/896 (s), Malaysian Solidarity (MSC).
Fail PDRM. SR/88. Annex A. SAC ‘A’ DCP, AD 707/2 (S).
Fail PDRM. SR/88. Annex A. Setia Usaha, Kementerian Hal Ehwal Dalam Negeri. MHA.0.64/4(10), Malaysian Solidarity Convention.
Fail PDRM. SR/88. Annex A. Surat Dr. Lim Chong Eu kepada A/Supt Dershan Singh. Pegawai Penjaga Daerah Polis, George Town. Malaysian Solidarity Convention Public Meeting at the City Stadium Penang, on 1st August 1965, from 7.00 p.m. to 11.30 p.m.
Fail PDRM. SR/88. Annex A. Surat G. E. Pavee, Penolong Kanan Pesuruhjaya Jenayah, Pesuruhjaya Polis. N2TM, Malaysian Solidarity Convention, Tea Party and Dinner in Ipoh on 4 & 5 September 1965.
Fail PDRM. SR/88. Annex B. Malaysian Solidarity Convention.
Habid’s Buhigiba Bin Mohamad Bustamam, Suffian Mansor dan Mohd Bin Samsudin. 2019. Reaksi Masyarakat Limbang terhadap Rancangan Pembentukan Malaysia Melalui Siasatan Suruhanjaya Cobbold 1962.
Akademika: Journal of Southeast Asia Social Sciences and Humanities. 89(1). April: 161-173.
Lee Kuan Yew. 1965. The Battle for a Malaysian Malaysia. Singapore: Minister of Culture Publication, Singapore.
Leigh Michael. 2018. The Rising Moon: Political Change in Sarawak. SIRD: Petaling Jaya
Mohd Nur Hidayat Hasbollah Hajimin, Pg Mohd Faezulfikri Ag Omar & Noor Afiqah Athirah Hajimin. 2020. Tun Mustapha dan Pengukuhan Islam di Sabah: 1963 – 1973. Akademika: Journal of Southeast Asia Social Sciences and Humanities. 90(1). April: 181-191.
Mohd Samsudin. 2016. Persekutuan Malaysia 1961-1966: Penubuhan dan Cabaran. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Nik Anuar Nik Mahmud. 2001. Duri dalam Daging: Singapura dalam Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia.
Persatuan Islam Sa-Malaya (PAS). 1957. Ulasan terhadap Penyata Perlembagaan Reid, 2 Mei.
PREM 12/429. Note of a meeting between the Prime Minster of Singapore, Mr. Lee Kwan Yew and Mrs. Lee Kwan Lew, the Deputy Secretary of State for Defence and Mrs. Mulley, Mr. J. Dromgoole, Mr. Moore, on 9 January 1965.
PREM 13/430. Addressed to C.R.O. Telegram No. 360 of 4 March.
PREM 13/430. C.R.O. Ref: 2FE 37/30/1. Malaysia: Will it Succeed and How Long Will We Stay?
Roff M. 1969. The Rise and Demise of Kadazan Nationalism. Journal of Southeast Asian History. V. 10 No. 2: 326-343.
Suffian Mansor & Awang Azman Awang Pawi. 2019. Pelaksanaan Penggunaan Bahasa Melayu di Sarawak: Antara Hak Negeri dan Kepentingan Nasional (1963-1966). Akademika: Journal of Southeast Asia Social Sciences and Humanities. 89(1). April: 125-135.
Suhaimi Mokhtar. 1981. Warisan Pimpinan UMNO. Damansara Utama: Penerbitan Pena.
Tan Tai Yong. 2008. Creating “Creating Malaysia”: Decolonization and the Politics of Merger. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
The Singapore Free Press. 1959. Platforms of Five Main Parties are Outlined, 19 August.
The Straits Times. 1962. Dr Lim and the UDP, 28 April.
The Straits Times. 1965. ‘Malaysian – Malaysia’ with Singapore Convention Call, 17 August.
The Straits Times. 1965. Convention Leaders: ‘A crisis of Confidence’, 16 August.
The Straits Times. 1965. Convention's New Secretariat, 19 August.
The Straits Times. 1965. Doubts Over Solidarity Rally, 10 June.
The Straits Times. 1965. Emergency Bars Rallies in Sarawak: Ningkan, 12 June.
The Straits Times. 1965. Get-together Soon to Form United Opposition, 28 April.
The Straits Times. 1965. Lee on the Transition from Malaya to Malaysia, 25 February.
The Straits Times. 1965. Lee Welcomes 'Fresh Start' Call, but..., 5 May.
The Straits Times. 1965. Machinda: Sarawak Treated as 'Second Class...', 11 May.
The Straits Times. 1965. NTUC backs the 'Grand Opposition', 12 May.
The Straits Times. 1965. Opposition Leaders Speak of Threat to Democracy, 6 September.
The Straits Times. 1965. Premier Lee: Target is a Malaysian Malaysia,29 April.
The Straits Times. 1965. Rally a Big Success, says Party Leader, 8 June.
The Straits Times. 1965. Rally Starts Malaysia crusade, 7 June.
The Straits Times. 1965. Solidarity Rallies for Sabah, Sarawak, 9 June.
The Straits Times. 1965. The 'Grand Opposition' to Hold a Mass Rally, 21 May.
The Straits Times. 1965. UDP Menyesali Tindakan Kerajaan Batal Pendaftaran PAP, 11 September.
The Straits Times. 1965. Yong: End the Racial Cleavage Now, 11 May.
The Straits Times. 1966. Opposition, 16 March.
The Straits Times. 1966. PPP Questions Usefulness of Convention, 8 June.
The Straits Times. 1966. Solidarity Leaders Call Talks to Discuss ‘Cracks’, 10 June.
The Straits Times. 1966. UDP Will Have to Rethink its Policy: Dr. Lim, 2 May.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 0126-5008
eISSN: 0126-8694