Kemunculan dan Peranan Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS) dalam politik Sarawak Menjelang Pembentukan Malaysia (1960 – 1963) (Emerging and role of Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS) in Sarawak’s politics on eve of formation of Malaysia)

Suffian Mansor

Abstract


British menyediakan beberapa ruang kepada penduduk Sarawak berpolitik dengan mengubal perlembagaan Sarawak agar dapat melatih penduduk Sarawak kearah berkerajaan sendiri.  Usaha ini termasuklah usaha memberi ruang kepada kegiatan berpolitik dan memperkenalkan pilihan raya negeri untuk Sarawak.  Hal ini membawa penubuhan parti politik seperti Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS).  Penubuhan parti ini mendapar cabaran besar dalam kalangan sokongan bumiputera kerana penubuhan parti yang bertunjangkan bumiputera menyaingi kehadiran PANAS.  Cabaran seterusnya ialah usaha PANAS untuk relevan dalam perikatan parti pro-Malaysia iaitu Sarawak Alliance Party (SAP).  PANAS keluar dari perikatan tersebut.  Hal ini membawa kepada cabaran ketigannya yang terpaksa berdepan dengan SAP dan parti pembangkang lain dalam PRN 1963.  Tambahan daripada itu pemimpin Tanah Melayu pula memberi sokongan kepada SAP dan mengkritik PANAS.  Namun demikian PANAS terus bertahan dan telah menghadapi pelbagai cabaran yang mengancam survival parti tersebut.  Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat peranan PANAS dalam usaha mendapat sokongan penduduk Sarawak dan terus relevan dalam perjuang politik di Sarawak sekitar tahun 1960-1963.  Kaedah kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan membuat penyelidikan berdasarkan sumber primar dan sekundari.  Dapatan kajian dalam artikel ini membuktikan bahawa walaupun pelbagai cabaran dihadapi oleh PANAS sepanjang tempoh kajian namun PANAS mampu bertahan hingga berjaya menempatkan dirinya dalam Council Negri selepas pilihan raya negeri 1963.

Kata Kunci: PANAS, Sarawak, Abang Mustapha, Malaysia, Bumiputera


Abstract

 

The British provided some space for the people of Sarawak to engage in politics by drafting the Sarawak constitution in order to train the people of Sarawak towards self-government. These efforts include efforts to make room for political activities and introduce elections for the state. In consequense several parties had form included the Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS). The establishment of this party poses a big challenge among bumiputera support because the establishment of other parties based on bumiputera competed with the presence of PANAS. The next challenge is the PANAS effort to be relevant in the pro-Malaysian party alliance i.e. Sarawak Alliance Party (SAP). PANAS had break away from SAP. It leads to the thirds challenges which had to face SAP and other opposition party in 1963’s election.  In addition, the leaders of Malaya had given support to SAP and condemned PANAS in election. However, PANAS continues to survive, and had faced various challenges that threaten the survival of the party. This article aims to look at the role of PANAS in efforts to gain the support of the people of Sarawak and remain relevant in the political struggle in Sarawak around 1960-1963. This research method uses qualitative methods of doing research based on primary and secondary sources. The findings of the study in this article proved that despite the various challenges faced by PANAS during the study period, PANAS was able to survive to successfully place itself in the State Council after the 1963’s state election.

Keyword: PANAS, Sarawak, Abang Mustapha, Malaysia, Bumiputera.

 

 


Full Text:

PDF

References


Chin Ung-Ho. 1997. Chinese Politics In Sarawak: A Study of The Sarawak United People’s Party. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

CO 1030/1208 Extract From P.I. Report (Sarawak) – June 1961.

CO 1030/1208 Extract From P.I. Report (Sarawak) – May 1961.

CO 1030/1208 Extract From Sarawak Montly Intelligence Report – April 1961.

CO 1030/1208 Extract From Sarawak P.I. Report – December 1960.

CO 1030/1208 Extract From Sarawak P.I. Report – December 1961.

CO 1030/1208 Extract From the Sarawak Local Intelligent Report - November 1960.

CO 1030/1209 Sarawak Montly Intelligence Report Montly - May, 1962.

Council Negri Debates, Official Report, 17th, 18th, and 19th August, 1960. Kuching: The Council.

Council Negri Debates, Official Report, 26th, 27th, and 28th September, 1962.

Ghazali Shafie. 1998. Ghazali Shafie’s Memoir on the Formation of Malaysia. Bangi: Penerbitan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1998.

Haibd’s Buhigiba Bin Mohamad Bustamam, Suffian Mansor & Mohd Bin Samsudin. 2019. Reaksi Masyarakat Limbang Terhadap Rancangan Pembentukan Malaysia Melalui Siasatan Suruhanjaya Cobbold 1962. Akademika 89(1) : 161-173.

Leigh, Michael B. 1988. The Rising Moon: Political Change in Sarawak (Kuala Lumpur: Antara Book Company.

Mohamed Noordin Sopiee. 2005. From Malayan Union to Singapore Separation: Political Unification in the Malaysia Region 1945-1965. Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya Press.

Mohammad Hasbie Sulaiman. 1993. Perjuangan Anti-Cession Sarawak: Peranan Utama Persatuan Kebangsaan Melayu Sarawak. Kuching: Persatuan Kebangsaan Melayu Sarawak.

Ong Kee Hui. 1998. Footprints in Sarawak: Memoirs of Tan Sri Datuk (Dr) Ong Kee Hui 1914 to 1963. Kuching: Research & Eesource Centre.

Ongkili, James P., 1967. The Borneo Response to Malaysia 1961-1963, Singapore: Donald Moore Press Ltd.

Ongkili, James P., 1974. Modernization in East Malaysia 1960-1970. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1974.

Reece, Bob, 1993. Datu Bandar Abang Haji Mustapha of Sarawak: Some reflections of his life and times. Kuching, Sarawak Literary Society.

Reece, Robert. 1983. "Political Pioneers," Our Sarawak. Kuching: Persatuan Kesusasteraan Sarawak.

Report of The Commission of Enquiry, North Borneo And Sarawak. 1962. Hertfordshire: Knebworth House.

Ritchie, James, 2006. Temenggong Oyong Lawai Jau: A Paramount Chief in Borneo. Kuching: James Ritchie, 2006.

Roff, Margaret Clark, 1974. The Politics of Belonging: Political Change in Sabah and Sarawak, (Kuala Lumpur, Oxford University Press.

Sami Bin Nor. 1994. Perjuangan Politik Haji Sami Bin Nor, Kuching: Tuan Haji Sami Bin Nor.

Sanib Said. 1985. Malays Politics in Sarawak 1946 – 1966: The Search for Unity and Political Ascendancy. Singapura, Oxford University Press, 1985.

Sanib Said. 1989. Melayu Di Bawah Brooke, 1841-1941: Mulanya Kejatuhan Sosio-Politik Melayu. The Sarawak Museum Journal, Vol. XL, No.61 (New Series) 1989, Part II: 80 – 110.

Sarawak Annual Report. 1960. 1960. Kuching: The Government Printing Office.

Sarawak by The Week, 13 Julai - 6 Ogos 1960, No.32/60.

Sarawak by the Week, 17-23 April 1960, No. 17/60.

Sarawak by the Week, 17-23 April 1960, No.17/60.

Sarawak by The Week, 20-26 Ogos 1961, No.34/61.

Sarawak by the Week, 26 November- 2 Disember 1961, No. 48/61.

Sarawak Gazette, Vol.LXXXIX, No.1262, 30 April, 1963.

Sarawak Gazette, Vol.LXXXIX, No.1270, 31 Disember, 1963.

Suffian Mansor & Awang Azman Awang Pawi. 2019. Pelaksanaan Penggunaan Bahasa Melayu di Sarawak: Antara Hak Negeri dan Kepentingan Nasional (1963-1966), Akademika 89(1), : 125-135.

Suffian Mansor, Awang Azman Awang Pawi & Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd. Rus. 2019. “Impian Sarawak” Menjadi Demam Adenan: Kegagalan Strategi Pembangkang dalam Pilihan Raya Sarawak ke-11, Akademika 89(3), : 3-14.

The Danger Within: A History of the Clandestine Communist Organization in Sarawak. 1963. Kuching: Sarawak Information Service.

The Sarawak Tribune, 15 June 1959.

The Sarawak Tribune, 16 July, 1963.

The Sarawak Tribune, 17 January 1961.

The Sarawak Tribune, 19 Februari 1960.

The Sarawak Tribune, 2 August 1960.

The Sarawak Tribune, 27 April 1960.

The Sarawak Tribune, 28 May 1959.

The Sarawak Tribune, 3 Ogos 1960.

The Sarawak Tribune, 8 May 1961.

Utusan Sarawak, 1 Mac 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 11 Mei 1963.

Utusan Sarawak, 14 Jun 1962.

Utusan Sarawak, 15 Oktober 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 16 April 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 17 Mei 1962.

Utusan Sarawak, 19 Januari, 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 19 Julai 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 2 Ogos 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 22 September 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 23 Julai 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 23 Ogos 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 24 September 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 27 September 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 29 Jun 1961.

Utusan Sarawak, 30 Ogos 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 30 Ogos 1962.

Utusan Sarawak, 30 Jun, 1962.

Utusan Sarawak, 5 Disember 1961.

Utusan Sarawak, 5 Januari, 1960.

Utusan Sarawak, 6 Jun 1963.

Utusan Sarawak, 6 Oktober 1960.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ISSN: 0126-5008

eISSN: 0126-8694