Bandar sebagai Cermin Identiti Bangsa: Perbandingan Awal antara Jakarta dan Kuala Lumpur (City as a Reflection of National Identities: Early Comparison between Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur)

Shamsul Amri Baharuddin (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, shamsul_ab@yahoo.com), Mohamad Fauzi Sukimi (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)

Abstract


Formation of national identity as reflected in the physical attributes of the two cities. This article discusses the general findings of the study on “city and national identities” in Kuala Lumpur and Jakarta. This study employs the post-colonial theoretical framework as it is more robust and explorative in nature. This framework is found to be effective in explaining the realities of history-structure that give form to the Malaysian and Indonesian ‘nation- state’ towards understanding the ambitions of both countries to form their own “nation” or “national” identity. The influence and impact of post- colonialism and postnationalism are clearly evident in the architecture and urban layout of both cities. Colonial structures stands in contrast to modern forms, serving as indicators of progress and renewal. Images of globalization are rampant and actively cultivated to demarcate the postcolonial and postnationalist period. This article begins with a theoretical discussion followed by two empirical case studies – Kuala Lumpur and Indonesia. It concludes with our preliminary findings on the “city and national identities”.

ABSTRAK

Artikel ini adalah satu rumusan umum penemuan kajian mengenai ‘bandar dan identiti bangsa’, dulu dan sekarang, dengan menggunakan dua kes empi- rikal iaitu, Kuala Lumpur dan Jakarta. Kami menampil dan menggunakan pendekatan teoritikal yang berorientasikan kajian pascakolonial kerana tatacara daya-bongkarnya yang kuat. Lagipun, pendekatan ini ternyata jauh lebih berkesan dari segi daya hurai dan analitikal untuk memahami realiti historis-struktural yang membina ‘negara-bangsa’ Malaysia dan Indonesia sekali gus cita-cita unggul kedua-duanya dalam membentuk ‘identiti bangsa’ atau ‘identiti nasional’. Penjelmaan cita-cita unggul bersifat pascakolonial dan pascanasionalis ini tercermin jelas dalam corak senibina dan reka bentuk bandar di kedua-dua bandaraya berkenaan, yang menjadikan pusaka kolonial sebagai tirai latar untuk menunjukkan kebedaan dan pembaruan. Bagi mengukuh aspek pascakolonial dan pascanasionalis sekali gus menunjukkan betapa mereka tidak ketinggalan zaman, imej globalisasi didirikan megah di pentas bandar. Perbincangan dalam artikel ini bermula dengan huraian mengenai pendekatan teoretikal dan disambut kemudian oleh dua kes empirikal, Kuala Lumpur dan Jakarta, dan diakhiri dengan suatu rumusan ‘bandar dan identiti bangsa’.


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