Komuniti Pulau dalam Era Pembangunan: Terpinggir atau Meminggir? (Island Community in Development Era: Are Marginalised or Had Marginalised?)

Yahaya Ibrahim (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, ya@ukm.my)

Abstract


Development is a state desired by communities that understand its benefits. However, each development introduced into the communities will normally bring about different reactions from its members. For a community on a small island which is a late-comer to development, oftentimes its members will face problems adapting to the process. As a result issues are raised regarding whether they are marginalised or had marginalised themselves because they are unable to cope with the demands of development. The reactions of the members of the community who basically share similar background, but have different levels of capabilities as well as different notions of development, are shown in their actions, participation and achievements in the socioeconomy and entrepreneur- ship. This article discusses the participation of the communities of three islands – Pulau Redang, Pulau Perhentian and Pulau Tioman – which are in the midst of touristic development process.

ABSTRAK

Pembangunan merupakan idaman setiap komuniti yang memahami akan manfaat yang bakal diperolehi daripadanya. Setiap pembangunan yang dibawa ke dalam sesebuah komuniti, selalunya memberikan konotasi yang berbeza di kalangan individu dalam komuniti berkenaan. Bagi komuniti dalam sebuah pulau kecil yang terlewat mengalami proses pembangunan, selalunya anggota- nya akan menghadapi masalah menyesuaikan diri dengan pembangunan tersebut. Berkaitan itu, pelbagai tafsiran telah dihujahkan, iaitu sama ada mereka ini dipinggirkan ataupun mereka sendiri yang meminggirkan diri lantaran kekok atau kurang selesa dengan tuntutan pembangunan dan proses perubahan yang sedang berlaku. Reaksi yang berlaku dalam kalangan mereka yang pada asasnya mempunyai persamaan latar belakang, tetapi mempunyai tahap keupayaan serta tafsiran yang berbeza tentang pembangunan, jelas dipamerkan melalui tindakan, penyertaan serta pencapaian yang berbagai- bagai dalam konteks sosioekonomi dan keusahawanan. Makalah ini membincangkan tahap penyertaan komuniti di tiga buah pulau yang telah dilanda proses pembangunan pelancongan yang hebat di Pantai Timur, iaitu Pulau Redang, Pulau Perhentian dan Pulau Tioman.


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