Kesan Pendidikan Keusahawanan ke atas Set Minda Keusahawanan: Pengaruh Pengantara Faktor Kognitif (The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on The Entrepreneurial Mindset: Mediation Role of Cognitive Factor)
Abstract
Ekonomi dunia kini menggalakkan agar golongan muda memasuki alam kerjaya bukan sahaja dengan memperolehi segulung ijazah tetapi juga dengan mempunyai kemahiran dan sikap keusahawanan yang boleh membantu mereka dalam dunia pekerjaan dan industri. Hal ini kerana bukan mudah graduan yang mempunyai segulung ijazah untuk memperolehi tawaran kerjaya atau berpeluang mendapatkan pekerjaan yang menepati dengan bidang pengajian mereka. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kesan pendidikan keusahawanan ke atas set minda keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar universiti. Kajian ini turut menguji kesan perantara faktor kognitif dalam hubungan antara pendidikan keusahawanan dengan set minda keusahawanan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif iaitu kaedah tinjauan menerusi pengedaran soal selidik kepada responden. Sampel kajian adalah seramai 300 orang pelajar universiti awam di Lembah Klang dan dipilih menggunakan teknik pensampelan rawak mudah. Analisis deskriptif dan inferensi telah digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis kajian dengan menggunakan perisian Pakej Statistik untuk Sains Sosial (SPSS) versi 22. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan kesan langsung yang signifikan antara pendidikan keusahawanan dengan set minda keusahawanan. Dapatan juga menunjukkan faktor kognitif mempunyai kesan perantara dalam hubungan antara pendidikan keusahawanan dengan set minda keusahawanan. Dapatan kajian ini memberi implikasi kepada beberapa pihak dalam pelaksanaan program pendidikan keusahawanan untuk meningkatkan set minda keusahawanan dalam diri pelajar bagi membantu mereka menghadapi dunia pekerjaan dan industri selepas bergelar graduan. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini diharapkan dapat menyumbang dan memberikan impak positif kepada pelbagai pihak.
Kata kunci: Pendidikan keusahawanan; set minda keusahawanan; faktor kognitif; pendidikan tinggi; pencipta kerja.
Abstract
The world economy is now encouraging young people to enter the career world not only by earning a degree but also by having entrepreneurial skills and attitudes that can help them in the world of work and industry. This is because it is not easy for graduates who have a degree to get a career offer or have the opportunity to get a job that fits their field of study. This study aims to discuss the impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial mindset among university students. This study also examines the intermediate effects of cognitive factors in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and the entrepreneurial mindset. This employed quantitative approach that is a survey method through the distribution of questionnaires to respondents. The study sample was a total of 300 public university students in the Klang Valley and was selected using simple random sampling techniques. Descriptive and inferential analysis was used to examine the research hypothesis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The finding indicated that there is a significant direct impact relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship mindset. The finding also indicated that cognitive factors mediated the relationship between entrepreneurship education and the entrepreneurial mindset. The findings of this study have implications for some parties in the implementation of entrepreneurship education programs to improve the entrepreneurial mindset of students to help them face the world of work and industry after graduation.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship education; entrepreneurial mindset; cognitive factor; higher education; Job Creation.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aima, M. H., Wijaya, S. A., Carawangsa, L. & Ying, M. 2020. Effect of global mindset and entrepreneurial motivation to entrepreneurial self-efficacy and implication to entrepreneurial intention. Journal Digital Business Management 1(2): 302–314.
Ajzen, I. 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes 50: 179–211.
Amdam, L. A. 2011. Influence of socio cultural factors on consumer buying behaviour in borno state. University of Maiduguri. Antoncic, B., Bratkovic Kregar, T., Singh, G. & DeNoble, A. F. 2015. The big five personality–entrepreneurship relationship: Evidence from S Slovenia. Journal of Small Business Management 53(3): 819–841.
Arranz, N., Ubierna, F., Arroyabe, M. F., Perez, C. & Arroyabe., F. D. 2017. The effect of curricular and extracurricular activities on university students’ entrepreneurial intention and competences. Studies in Higher Education 42(11): 1979–2008.
Ayalew, M. M. & Zeleke, S. A. 2018. Modeling the impact of entrepreneurial attitude on self-employment intention among engineering students in Ethiopia. Journal Innovation Entrepreneurship 7(1): 1–27.
Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C. & Fiet, J. O. 2014. The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: a meta-analytic review. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice 38(2): 217–254.
Bandura, A. 1986. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs: NJ: Prentice- Hall, Inc.
Belousova, O., Hattenberg, D. Y. & B, G. 2020. Corporate entrepreneurship: from structures to mindset. Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics. Springer.
Callaghan, C. & Venter, R. 2011. An investigation of the entrepreneurial orientation, context and entrepreneurial performance of inner-city Johannesburg street traders. Southern African Business Review 15(1): 28–48.
Che Lah, F. 2019. Keusahawanan atasi pengangguran. Harian Metro. Retrieved from https://www.hmetro.com.my/bestari/2019/04/442230/keusahawanan-atasi-pengangguran
Cheng, M.-Y., Chan, W. S. & Mahmood, A. 2019. The effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in Malaysia. Education + Training 51: 555–566.
Chinonye, L. M. & Akinlabi, M. 2014. Entrepreneurship curriculum and pedagogical challenges in captivating students‟ interest towards entrepreneurship education. Research Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4(1): 1–11.
Commarmond, I. 2017. in pursuit of a better understanding of and measure for entrepreneurial mindset contents. www.allangrayorbis.org. [20 November 2020].
Tang, F. G., Blunden, R. & Meyer, M. H. 2012. Dispositional optimism and entrepreneurial intent: an exploratory cross-cultural investigation. International Review of Entrepreneurship 10(3): 115–126.
Crane, F. & Meyer, M. 2007. Teaching dispositional optimism in the entrepreneurial classroom. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education 5: 163–74.
Creswell, J. W. 2010. Educational research-planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research, hlm. 4th Ed. New Jersey: Pearson Merril Prentice Hall.
Cui, J., Sun, J. & Bell, R. 2019. The impact of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial mindset of college students in china: the mediating role of inspiration and the role of educational attributes. International Journal of Management Education.
Dawson, C. & Henley, A. 2015. Gender, risk, and venture creation intentions. Journal of Small Business Management 53(2): 501–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12080
Ebrahim, M. & Schott, T. 2008. Entrepreneurial intention promoted by perceived capabilities, risk propensity and opportunity awareness: A global study.
Edwards, L. J. 2001. Are e-clubs the answer to entrepreneurial learning?WEI Working Paper series 17.
Farny, S., Frederiksen, S. H., Hannibal, M. & Jones, S. 2016. A culture of entrepreneurship education. Enterpren. Reg. Dev 28(7–8): 514–535.
Fayolle, A. & Klandt, H. 2006. International entrepreneurship education -issues and newness. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
G., C., F., D., A., H. & McLaughlin, T. 2008. Students as transferors of knowledge: The problem of measuring. International Small Business Journal 26(6): 735–758.
George, N. M., V, Parida, T. & Lahti. 2016. A systematic literature review of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition: insights on influencing factors. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal 12: 309–350.
Gerba, D. T. 2012. Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of business and engineering students in Ethiopia. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 3(2): 258–277. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/20400701211265036
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. 2017. A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), hlm. 2nd Ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Halim, N. H. & Sahid, S. 2020. Kemahiran kesediaan kerja, efikasi kendiri, tingkah laku keusahawanan dan eksplorasi kerjaya dalam kalangan graduan. Akademika 90(3): 155–165.
Hamid, R., Mohhamad, A. & Fariba, J. 2015. The place of entrepreneurial curriculum components in higher education. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 5(9): 263–279. doi:10.6007/IJARBSS/v5-i9/1835
Henry, B. 2003. Entrepreneurship education in kenya: a reality or plodding on? Proceedings from the First International Entrepreneurship Conference 23–24.
Hussain, A. & Norashidah, D. 2015. Impact of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intentions of Pakistani students. Journal Enterpreneurial Bussiness Innovation 2(1): 43.
Ibrahim, M. F. 2020. Cabaran golongan belia menceburi bidang keusahawanan kajian kes: parit raja, batu pahat, johor.
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. 2019. Statistik utama tenaga buruh di Malaysia, Ogos 2019. https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/pdfPrev&id=RENJMEp6elpFN0ZueGFxaGxNMzBUZz09 [20 May 2020].
Jaganathan, M. 2016. Pengenalan kepada keusahawanan. https://www.slideshare.net/tejasyahremie/pengenalan-kepada-keusahawanan-64856456 [29 February 2020].
Karimi, S., Biemans, H. J. A., Lans, T., Chizari, M. & Mulder, M. 2016. The impact of entrepreneurship education: a study of iranian students’ entrepreneurial intentions and opportunity identification. Journal of Small Business Management 54(1): 187–209.
Krueger, N. 2015. Entrepreneurial education in practice Part1: The Entrepreneurial Mindset. aris: OECD.
Krueger, N. F. & Brazeal, D. V. 1994. Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 18(3): 91–104. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1505244
Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D. & Carsrud., A. I. 2000. Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing 15(5–6): 411–31.
Lackeus, M. 2014. An emotion based approach to assessing entrepreneurial education. International Journal of Management Education 12(3): 374–396.
Lindberg, E., Bohman, H. & Hult en, P. 2017. Methods to enhance students’ entrepreneurial mindset: a Swedish example. European Journal Training Development 41(5): 450–466.
Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J. & Kay, M. J. 2013. Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: a meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing 28(2): 211–221.
Matlay, H. 2008. Entrepreneurship education in China. Journal of Education and Training 45(8–9): 445–505.
McMullen, J. S. & Kier, A. S. 2016. Trapped by the entrepreneurial mindset: Opportunity seeking and escalation of commitment in the Mount Everest disaster. Journal of Business Venturing 31(6): 663–686.
Nabi, G., Walmsley, A., Linan, F., Akhtar, I. & Neame, C. 2018. Does entrepreneurship education in the first year of higher education develop entrepreneurial intentions? The role of learning and inspiration. Studies in Higher Education 43(3): 452–467.
Nagarathanam, R. & Buang, N. A. 2016. The relationship between attitude, intention, and entrepreneurship career choice among Malaysian indian undergraduates. Akademika 86(2): 43–52.
Neneh, N. B. 2012. An exploratory study on entrepreneurial mindset in the small and medium enterprisesector: a south african perspective on fostering small and medium enterprise success. African Journal of Business Management 6(9): 3364–3372.
Ngah, M. A., Halid, S. & A Rosli, F. 2019. Siswazah B40 paling ramai menganggur. Berita Nasional. Bangi. Retrieved from https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2019/07/582258/eksklusif-graduan-siswazah-miskin-b40-sukar-dapat-kerja-setimpal
Nor Aishah Buang. 2007. Draf instrumen psikometrik indeks keusahawanan (PIKEN).
Pallant, J. 2001. SPSS survival manual - a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows (version 10). Buckingham Open University Press.
Pfeifer, S., Sarlija, N. & Zekic Susac, M. 2016. Shaping the entrepreneurial mindset: entrepreneurial intentions of business students in Croatia. Journal Small Bussines Management 54(1): 102–117.
Piperopoulos, P. & Dimov., D. 2015. Burst bubbles or build steam? Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management 53(4): 970–985.
Potishuk, V. & Kratzer, J. 2017. Factors affecting entrepreneurial intensions and entrepreneurial attitudes in higher education. Journal Enterpreneurship Education 20(1): 25–44.
QAA. 2018. Enterprise and entrepreneurship education: guidance for uk higher education providers., hlm. 20–21.
Sanchez, Jose C., Carballo, T. & Gutierrez, A. 2011. The entrepreneur from a cognitive approach. Psicothema 23(3): 433–438.
Sekaran, U. 1992. Research methods for bussiness: a skill-building approach, hlm. John Wiley. New York.
Seng, T. T., Abdullah, A. & Mat Rashid, A. 2019. Pengaruh faktor terpilih terhadap aspirasi kerjaya keusahawanan dalam kalangan pelajar kolej komuniti. Akademika 89(3): 41–52.
Shapero, A. & Sokol, L. 1982. Social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. A. Kent, D. L. Sexton, and K. H. Vesper (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship,:Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 0126-5008
eISSN: 0126-8694