Migrasi ke Kawasan Pinggiran Wilayah Metropolitan Lembah Klang (Migration to Klang Valley Metropolitan Peripheral Areas)

Abstract

Since the middle of 1980s, settlements in the Klang Valley have undergone a rapid process of development as a result of expansion in the manufacturing and service activities. Apart from metropolis Kuala Lumpur and the royal city of Klang, new cities including Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam, Subang Jaya, Selayang and Ampang Jaya, have also grown. At the same time population migration to peripheral areas of the metropolitan city have also occurred. This paper intends to examine the patterns of population migration to the peri-metropolitan areas of Klang Valley. Using unpublished data of the 2000 census and field observations, the study reveals that in the year 2000 it was estimated about 138,270 people migrated to the state of Selangor. The state gained a total of 45,831 people while the Federal Territory Kuala Lumpur recorded a nett loss of 54,705 migrants. Majority of the migrants moved to the new cities and other new settlements in the peri-metropolitan areas of the Klang Valley. Migration to the peripheries was mainly driven by such factors as situations resulting from the densely populated central areas of the metropolitan city; the high rent and price of houses in the central areas; and the government policy that attempt to decentralize by relocating some of the metropolitan city’s functions to the peripheries. Other factors include the construction of express highways as well as the introduction of the commuter and other light rapid transport services linking the metropolitan city with the surrounding areas; also the creation of employment opportunities as well as chances to own property in peri- metropolitan region. The process of population migration from the centre to the peripheries of the Klang Valley metropolitan region will certainly have some impacts on both the area of origin and destination.

ABSTRAK

Sejak pertengahan 1980-an, petempatan di Lembah Klang mengalami proses perkembangan yang pesat akibat peluasan aktiviti pembuatan dan perkhidmatan ke pinggir. Selain metropolis Kuala Lumpur dan Bandar Diraja Klang, bandar besar dan bandar raya yang baru termasuk Petaling Jaya, Shah Alam, Subang Jaya, Selayang dan Ampang Jaya, turut berkembang. Migrasi penduduk ke pinggir bandar raya metropolitan turut berlaku. Makalah ini bertujuan memeriksa corak aliran migrasi penduduk ke pinggiran bandar metropolitan di Lembah Klang. Dengan menggunakan data banci tahun 2000 dan cerapan di medan, kajian ini mendapati pada tahun 2000 dianggarkan seramai 138,270 orang berpindah ke negeri Selangor dari negeri-negeri lain di Malaysia manakala penduduk Wilayah Persekutuan susut seramai kira-kira 54,705 orang. Negeri Selangor mengalami tambahan bersih seramai 45,831 orang. Sebahagian besar migran berpindah ke kawasan bandar dan pinggir bandar di Lembah Klang. Migrasi ke kawasan peri-metropolitan ini dipacu oleh beberapa faktor seperti keadaan yang terdapat di kawasan teras khususnya kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi; harga dan sewa rumah di kawasan teras yang mahal; dan dasar kerajaan yang berusaha menyahpusatkan pembangunan ke pinggir dengan menempatkan sebahagian fungsi bandar raya ke pinggir. Faktor lain ialah pembinaan lebuh raya pantas dan pengenalan perkhidmatan komuter juga pengangkutan keretapi aliran ringan yang menghubungkan bandar raya dengan kawasan pinggirannya; dan penawaran peluang pekerjaan serta peluang memiliki hartanah di pinggiran metropolitan. Proses perpindahan penduduk dari pusat ke pinggir bandar telah meninggalkan pelbagai kesan di kedua-dua kawasan asal dan destinasi.