Language Policy and Planning: Understanding UKM's Past, Present and Future Concerns and Responses

SARAN KAUR GILL (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, saran@ukm.my)

Abstract


Malaysia has recently faced a drastic change in language policy. This has been a shift from Bahasa Melayu to English for the fields of science and technology in the educational system. Over the past period of thirty years, huge resources have been devoted to both status and corpus planning for Bahasa Melayu to develop and be used as a scientific and technological language. Given this stituation, the recent change in policy to English has been evoked varying responses and reactions, especially at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), which has played a major role in the development and modernization of Bahasa Melayu as a language of science. The present change has been driven by economic factors and the science and technology. This has resulted in an urgent need for human resource with the ability to keep up with knowledge acquisition in the field of science and technology, which is predominantly in English. Given this context, the concern of this paper will be to understand UKM’s responses and concerns regarding this major change. This will be juxtaposed against the history of the university and the wider social, economic and political factors that have spearheaded the recent shift in the medium of instruction for the disciplines of science and technology.

ABSTRAK

Baru-baru ini Malaysia melaksanakan satu perubahan yang drastik berkaitan dasar bahasanya. Dalam system pendidikan terdapat satu anjakan dari segi penggunaan bahasa pengantar daripada bahasa Melayu kepada bahasa Inggeris dalam bidang sains dan teknologi. Dalam tempoh 30 tahun yang lepas tidak sedikit sumber yang telah ditumpukan kepada perancangan korpus dan status bahasa Melayu supaya bahasa tersebut dapat berkembang dan digunakan sebagai bahasa saintifik dan teknologi. Berdasarkan situasi ini, perubahan yang berlaku baru-baru ini dari segi dasar berkaitan bahasa Inggeris telah membangkitkan pelbagai respons dan reaksi, terutama di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), yang telah memainkan peranan utama dalam pengembangan dan pemodenan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa sains. Perubahan yang berlaku ini telah digerakkan oleh faktor-faktor ekonomi dan sains dan teknologi. Faktor- faktor ini telah menimbulkan satu keperluan yang mendesak untuk sumber manusia yang memiliki keupayaan untuk terus memperolehi pengetahuan terkini dalam bidang sains dan teknologi, yang sebahagian besarnya terdapat dalam bahasa Inggeris. Dalam konteks ini tumpuan makalah ini ialah memahami respons dan kekhuatiran UKM berkaitan perubahan besar ini. Hal ini akan pula diatur seiring (juxtaposed) dengan sejarah universiti dan faktor-faktor sosial, ekonomi dan politik yang lebih luas dan yang telah memulakan anjakan yang berlaku dari segi bahasa pengantar yang digunakan untuk disiplin sains dan teknologi itu.


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