Perkembangan Ekonomi Orang Melayu dalam Sektor Penanaman Kelapa di Selangor Sebelum Tahun 1940
Abstract
Kegiatan penanaman kelapa telah diusahakan oleh orang Melayu di Selangor sebelum campur tangan British sebagai sumber makanan. Pengkomersialan tanaman kelapa pada penghujung abad ke-19 untuk dijadikan komoditi eksport bagi memenuhi permintaan sektor perindustrian di Eropah menyebabkan orang Melayu terus menunjukkan minat untuk mengusahakannya walaupun perlu mendapatkan hak milik tanah pertanian daripada British terlebih dahulu. Berbeza dengan tanaman komersial yang lain, pihak British tidak menghalang penglibatan orang Melayu dalam sektor penanaman kelapa. Namun kebebasan yang diberi telah menyebabkan orang Melayu terdedah dengan perubahan ekonomi yang berlaku di pasaran antarabangsa. Justeru artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji sejauh mana penglibatan orang Melayu dalam sektor penanaman kelapa yang merupakan sektor komersial baharu telah memberi impak kepada sosioekonomi mereka. Bagi membincangkan persoalan tersebut, artikel ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menganalisis maklumat daripada Fail Setiausaha Kerajaan Selangor, Laporan Tahunan Selangor dan rekod-rekod Jabatan Pertanian. Hasil kajian mendapati penglibatan secara aktif orang Melayu dalam sektor penanaman kelapa telah membawa kemajuan kepada taraf sosioekonomi mereka. Corak kegiatan ekonomi orang Melayu mengalami perubahan di mana mereka tidak hanya berperanan sebagai pekebun sahaja tetapi telah berjaya menjadi usahawan dalam industri berskala kecil yang menghasilkan produk berasaskan kelapa. Inisiatif yang dilaksanakan oleh pihak kerajaan dan usaha untuk memulihkan semula ekonomi setelah terjejas akibat kemelesetan ekonomi dunia menyebabkan orang Melayu mula terlibat dalam kegiatan memproses kelapa sekali gus membantu meningkatkan sumber pendapatan. Oleh itu dapat dinyatakan bahawa di sebalik masalah yang dihadapi telah membuka ruang kepada orang Melayu untuk mempelbagaikan lagi kegiatan ekonomi mereka seterusnya memastikan kelangsungan dalam sektor penanaman kelapa.
Kata kunci: produk kelapa; tanur; industri berskala kecil; usahawan Melayu; pertanian komersial.
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