Kualiti Hidup Orang Asli: Pengukuran Melalui Indeks (The Quality of Life of Malaysian Aborigines: Measured with a Weighted Quality of Life Index for Orang Asli)

Mohd Fauzi Mohd Harun (UiTM Cawangan Perak, mohdf430@uitmperak.edu.my), Nor Aini Hj Idris (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, noraini@ukm.my)

Abstract


The quality of life of Malaysian aborigines (Orang Asli) are often perceived as relatively low. Such is the normal impression obtained when basic need variables such as electricity and water supplies and accessibility by roads are used to measure their quality of life. Although these are useful wellbeing indicators this paper is of the opinion that a more holistic perspective would do a better job of gauging the aborigines’ quality of life. A new index called the Weighted Quality Life Index for Orang Asli (IKHOAw) is proposed which is a composite index comprising eight quality of life sub-indices. This set of indicators is deemed more reliable as all possible variables pertaining to the quality of life are not treated separately. Given its holistic nature, the new IKHOAw is expected to be more realistic in capturing poverty grouse among the aborigines. By using this index, the study found that in almost all respects the Malaysian aborigines’ quality of life was very satisfactory; it is only less so with respect to electricity and water supplies, housing and motorised vehicle ownership.

Keywords: holistic approach, quality of life index, Orang Asli, the Weighted Quality of Life Index for Orang Asli

ABSTRAK

Kualiti hidup masyarakat Orang Asli dikatakan masih berada pada tahap yang rendah. Ukuran yang sering digunakan oleh para penyelidik untuk menggambarkan kualiti hidup Orang Asli ialah dari aspek kemudahan asas seperti bekalan air, elektrik dan jalan raya. Walaupun ukuran ini boleh digunakan, tetapi adalah lebih baik sekiranya kualiti hidup Orang Asli dilihat melalui pendekatan yang lebih holistik. Justeru, dicadangkan sebuah indeks yang dikenali sebagai Indeks Kualiti Hidup Orang Asli Berwajaran (IKHOAw) sebagai ukuran kepada kualiti hidup masyarakat Orang Asli di Malaysia. Indeks yang dibina ini adalah merupakan sebuah indeks komposit yang merangkumi lapan sub indeks yang mewakili aspek-aspek kualiti hidup secara tersendiri. Pengukuran kualiti hidup melalui IKHOAw ini adalah lebih diyakini kerana pengukuran kualiti hidup Orang Asli tidak lagi dilihat secara berasingan tetapi merangkumi pelbagai aspek kehidupan mereka. Keputusan kajian mendapati kualiti hidup Orang Asli secara keseluruhannya adalah memuaskan kecuali dari aspek kemudahan bekalan air, elektrik, rumah dan pemilikan kenderaan berenjin.

Kata kunci: Pendekatan menyeluruh, indeks kualiti hidup, Orang Asli, Indeks Kualiti Hidup Orang Asli Berwajaran


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