Food Industry Sustainability Through Digitalization: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Digitalization is transforming food security by enhancing efficiency, transparency, and sustainability in agriculture. This study systematically reviews the impact of digital technologies, including IoT, blockchain, AI, and automation, in addressing key food security challenges such as supply chain disruptions, resource inefficiencies, and climate risks. Using a structured methodology, peer-reviewed literature from 2023 to 2024 was analyzed from databases like Scopus and Web of Science. The study follows the PRISMA framework, identifying 29 relevant articles classified into five themes: Emerging Technologies, Digitalization & Sustainability, AI & Automation, Resilience & Optimization, and Knowledge & Innovation. The findings highlight how digitalization improves traceability, predictive analytics, and decision-making in agriculture, enhancing resource management and reducing food waste. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, interoperability issues, and digital literacy gaps hinder adoption. The study emphasizes the need for regulatory frameworks, stakeholder collaboration, and infrastructure investments to maximize the benefits of digital solutions. Integrating AI-driven predictive models and blockchain-enabled transparency mechanisms could further enhance food security by strengthening risk management and supply chain resilience. While digital technologies hold great potential, addressing socioeconomic and technical barriers is crucial for sustainable implementation. Future research should focus on developing inclusive policies and scalable digital solutions to ensure food security in an increasingly digital world.