Budaya dikaitkan dengan pembangunan negara bangsa sesebuah negara. Pengaruh budaya ini merujuk kepada elemen kebudayaan seperti adat resam, nilai, sikap, norma dan kepercayaan. Umumnya, budaya dianggap sebagai satu set cara hidup bagi sesebuah kelompok masyarakat mahupun komuniti. Bandar Diraja Kuala Kangsar dikenali sebagai sebuah bandar warisan budaya. Bandar ini berkonsepkan bandar Diraja dan bandar warisan bersejarah yang jelas berdasarkan wujudnya bangunan-bangunan Kesultanan negeri Perak di sekitar bandar. Ia dilihat penting dalam menjadi aset utama dalam pembudayaan negara bangsa. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti representasi budaya di bandar Diraja Kuala Kangsar sebagai satu faktor pembentukan negara bangsa. Kaedah penyelidikan menggunakan data sekunder dengan analisis jurnal, laporan kerajaan dan temu bual secara berstruktur dengan pemegang taruh. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan sebagai sebuah bandar Diraja lama, Kuala Kangsar menekankan dan merepresentasikan ciri-ciri warisan sejarah dalam meningkatkan pembudayaan negara bangsa. Dari sudut pembangunan budaya di Kuala Kangsar, ia menyajikan satu bentuk budaya yang berbeza dengan budaya di bandar Diraja yang lain di Malaysia.Kata kunci: bandar Diraja Kuala Kangsar, budaya, negara bangsa, warisan, sejarahAbstract: Culture is associated with the nation-building of a country. The influence of culture refers to elements of culture such as customs, values, attitudes, norms, and beliefs. Generally, culture is considered as a set of ways of life for a group of society or community. Kuala Kangsar Royal Town is known as a cultural town. The town is conceptualized as a Royal Town and a historical heritage town based on the existence of the Perak State Sultanate buildings around the town. With this, it is seen as a crucial asset in the nation-building. Therefore, this study aims to identify the representation of culture in Kuala Kangsar Royal Town as a factor in nation-building. The research method used secondary data with an analysis of journals, government reports, and structured interviews with stakeholders. The findings indicate that as an old Royal Town, Kuala Kangsar emphasizes and represents the characteristics of historical heritage in enhancing nation-building. From the perspective of cultural development in Kuala Kangsar, it presents a different form of culture compared to other Royal Towns in Malaysia.Keywords: Royal city of Kuala Kangsar, culture, nation country, heritage, historyReferencesAmbary, H.M. (1991). Sumberdaya cultural Banten Lama: potensi serta pemanfaatannya. Jurnal Arkeologi Malaysia, 4, 30-44.Bennett, T. (2015). Cultural studies and the culture concept. Cultural Studies, 29(4), 546-568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2014.1000605Borg, J.V.D., Costa, P. & Gotti, G. (1996). Tourism in European heritage cities. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 306-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00065-8Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of Capital in Richadson J (Ed.) handbook of theory and research for the sociology education. Westport, CT: Greenwood. Calver, S.J. & Page, S.J. (2013). Enlightened hedonism: Exploring the relationship of service value visitor knowledge and interest, to visitor enjoyment at heritage attractions. Tourism Management, 39(13), 23-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.03.008Che Leh, F., Yunus, N.K.Y., Omar, B. & Razak, A.Z.A.A. (2013). Konsep pemasaran tempat dan kepentingannya dalam sektor pelancongan: Kajian kes di bandar Diraja Kuala Kangsar, Perak. Perspektif, 5(3), 68-79. Che Leh, F., Yunus, N.K.Y., Omar, B. & Razak, A.Z.A.A. (2013). Trend kedatangan pelancong dan implikasi terhadap strategi pemasaran di bandar Diraja Kuala Kangsar, Perak. Geografi, 1(2), 101-111. Daengbuppha, J., Hemmington, N. & Wilkes, K. (2006). Using grounded theory to model visitor experiences at heritage sites: Methodological and practical issues. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 9(4), 367-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13522750610689096Hsu, C.H.C. & Huang, S.S. (2015). Reconfiguring Chinese cultural values and their tourism implications. Tourism Management, 54, 230-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.011Jimura, T. (2011). The impact of world heritage site designation on local communities - A case study of Ogimachi, Shirakawa-mura, Japan. Tourism Management, 32(2), 288-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.02.005Joseph, P. & Gilmore, G.H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review, 76(4), 97-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781781004227.00007Leung, K., Bhagat, R.S., Buchan, N.M., Erez, M. & Gibson, C.B. (2005). Culture and international business: Recent advances and their implications for future research. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(4), 357-378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400150Majlis Perbandaran Kuala Kangsar. (2020, November 16). Pelancongan 2020. http://www.mpkkpk.gov.my/msMalcolm, D. J. (2004). Borrowed robs: The educational value of costumed interpretation at historic sites. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 10(3), 277-293. http://doi.org/10.1080/1352725042000234451Mollegaard, S. & Jaeger, M.M. (2015). The effect of grandparents’ economic, cultural and social capital on grandchildren’s educational success. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 42, 11-19. htpp://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2015.06.004Musa, M.Z. & Rahman, N.H.S.N.A. (2010). Peranan budaya dalam mempromosikan keharmonian di Asia Tenggara. Jurnal Terjemahan Alam & Tamadun Melayu, 1(2), 1823-189.Oatey, S.H. (2008). Culturally speaking culture, communication and politeness theory. (2nd edition). Sage.Pejabat D.Y.M.M Paduka Seri Sultan Negeri Perak. (2020, November 16). Informasi Kesultanan 2020. http://sultan.perak.gov.my/index.php PLANMalaysia@Perak (2020, November 16). Sistem perancangan pemajuan 2020. http://jpbd.perak.gov.my/jpbd/. Poria, Y., Reichel, A. & Brian, A. (2006). Heritage site management motivations and expectations. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), 162-178. http://doi/10.1016/j.annals.2005.08.001Poria, Y., Butler, R. & Airey, D. (2003). The core of heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 238-254. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00064-6Samsudin, M. & Mohamad, S. (2013). Pengaruh warisan sejarah dalam industri pelancongan Langkawi. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 1(1), 99-109.Saidi, Z.A., Tahir, Z., Malek, J.A., & Yusoff, M.Y.M. (2022). Royalscape Diraja satu perwakilan asas pelancongan bandar Diraja. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 19(6), 167-181. Saidi, Z.A., Ahmad, H., & Jusoh H. (2020). Pelancongan bandar Diraja: Satu pola kunjungan pelancong domestik di Kuala Kangsar. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5(1): 15-31. http://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i1.348 Yuszaidy M.Y., Hanapi, D., Ab.Samad, K., & Mohamed Anwar, O.D. (2010). Pembangunan warisan di Malaysia: Tinjauan umum tentang dasar. Jurnal Melayu, 5, 277-283.Zeppel, H. (2002). Cultural tourism at the Cowinchan native village, British Columbia. Journal of Travel Research, 41, 92-100. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287502041001011
