Menyingkap Mekanisme Kawalan Sosial: Kajian Literatur Komprehensif tentang Pemulihan Penyalahgunaan Dadah di Malaysia (Unveiling the Mechanism of Social Control: A Comprehensive Literature Review on Drug Addiction Recovery in Malaysia)

Abstract

Mekanisme kawalan sosial adalah penting dalam menangani isu penyalahgunaan dadah, bukan sahaja untuk mencegah penggunaan dadah, tetapi juga untuk menyokong individu dalam perjalanan mereka ke arah pemulihan. Oleh itu, artikel ini membincangkan mekanisme kawalan sosial dalam menangani fenomena penyalahgunaan dadah serta membantu perjalanan pengguna ke arah pemulihan di Malaysia. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif dan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan, yang melibatkan penggunaan data daripada pelbagai sumber termasuk jurnal, artikel, dan bab dalam buku. Perbincangan kajian mendapati mekanisme dan insentif kawalan sosial mampu membantu pemulihan jangka panjang dan mencegah relaps sekiranya ejen-ejen kawalan sosial memainkan peranan yang tinggi. Dalam hal ini, kawalan sosial persuasif dan koersif sebagai mekanisme dan hukuman, serta insentif sebagai instrumen, sering digunakan untuk membentuk tingkah laku positif agar selari dengan nilai dan norma masyarakat. Ejen-ejen kawalan sosial seperti rakan, keluarga, masyarakat, penguatkuasa, sistem perundangan, dan agensi perkhidmatan sosial memainkan peranan penting dalam menggalakkan pemulihan yang kekal serta mencegah relaps. Oleh hal yang demikian, artikel ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang potensi kawalan sosial sebagai mekanisme untuk menyokong pemulihan daripada penyalahgunaan dadah di Malaysia, serta menekankan kepentingan sistem sokongan yang kuat dalam membantu individu mengekalkan tingkah laku positif dan mengelakkan relaps. Kata kunci: Penyalahgunaan dadah; pemulihan; kawalan sosial; persuasif; koersif; relapsAbstract: Social control mechanisms are important for addressing drug abuse issues, not only to prevent drug use, but also to support individuals on their path to recovery. Therefore, this article discusses the mechanism of social control in dealing with the phenomenon of drug abuse, as well as aiding users in their journey towards recovery in Malaysia. This study employs a qualitative and content analysis approach, utilising data from various sources, including journals, articles, and book chapters. The discussion of the study found that social control mechanisms and incentives can support long-term recovery and prevent relapse when social control agents play a significant role. In this regard, persuasive and coercive social control, as mechanisms, and sanction, as well as incentives, as instruments, are often used to promote positive behaviour in alignment with societal values and norms. These are enforced by social control agents such as friends, family, community, law enforcement, legislative systems, and social service agencies. These agents work collaboratively to encourage recovery and prevent relapse. Hence, this article contributes to a better understanding of the potential of social control as a mechanism to support recovery from drug abuse in Malaysia. 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