Penggunaan Media Sosial, Kemahiran Komunikasi dan Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat Dalam Memperkasa Aspek Keusahawanan Bekas Banduan (The Use of Social Media, Communication Skills and Information Technology in Empowering the Entrepreneurship of Former Prisoners in Malaysia)

Abstract

Kebanyakan banduan berhadapan dengan cabaran untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan setelah dibebaskan daripada tahanan Penjara. Keusahawanan merupakan salah satu cabang kerjaya yang signifikan untuk diceburi oleh bekas banduan bagi memulakan kerjaya dan kehidupan baharu setelah dibebaskan dari tahanan Penjara. Oleh itu kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti sejauhmana penggunaan media sosial, kemahiran komunikasi dan kemahiran penggunaan teknologi maklumat bagi menyokong aspek keusahaanan dalam kalangan bekas banduan. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan reka bentuk kuantitatif secara tinjauan keratan-lintang (cross-sectional study). Seramai 354 orang banduan yang telah dibebaskan daripada tahanan tetapi masih berada dalam tempoh pengawasan pihak Jabatan Penjara Malaysia (JPM) telah dipilih sebagai responden kajian. Data kajian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Science for Windows (SPSS for Windows). Hasil kajian mendapati majoriti bekas banduan mempunyai akaun facebook dan whatsapp. Manakala selebihnya mempunyai akaun email, youtube, tik tok, instagram dan twitter. Analisis deskriptif pula mendapati tahap kemahiran komunikasi dan kemahiran penggunaan teknologi maklumat dalam kalangan banduan berada pada tahap yang sederhana ke tahap yang tinggi. Hasil kajian ini memberi implikasi kepada pihak yang berkepentingan khususnya kepada Jabatan Penjara Malaysia ke arah keperluan penyediaan pelan strategik untuk pembangunan modul, program-program latihan, pementoran dan kemahiran keusahawanan yang memberi penekanan terhadap aspek meningkatkan komunikasi dan penggunaan teknologi maklumat bagi mempersiapkan peluang pekerjaan dan pembudayaan keusahawanan dalam kalangan bekas banduanKata kunci: Media sosial; komunikasi; teknologi maklumat; keusahawanan; banduanAbstract: Most convicts face challenges to find employment after being released from Prison. Entrepreneurship is one of the significant fields of work pursued by ex-convicts to start a new career and life after being released from Prison. This study was therefore carried out to identify the extent of the use of social media, communication skills and information technology skills to support entrepreneurial aspects among ex-convicts. The study was conducted using a quantitative cross-sectional study. A total of 354 ex-convicts who had been released from detention but were still under the supervision of the Prisons Department (JPM) were selected as study respondents. The study data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows (SPSS for Windows). The study findings indicated that majority of ex-convicts have Facebook and WhatsApp. While the rest have email, YouTube, Tik Tok, Instagram and Twitter accounts. Meanwhile, descriptive analysis found that the level of communication skills and the use of information technology skills among ex-convicts were at a moderate to high level. The study findings have implications for stakeholders, especially the Prisons Department of Malaysia, regarding the need to prepare a strategic plan for the development of modules, training programmes, mentoring and entrepreneurial skills that emphasise improving communication and the use of information technology by providing employment opportunities and inculcating an entrepreneurial culture among ex-convicts.Keywords: social media, communication, information technology, entrepreneurship, prisonersReferencesAzhar, M., & Akhtar, M. J. (2020). Social media: A catalyst for entrepreneurship and marketing. South Asian Journal of Marketing & Management Research, 10(11), 62–70. https://doi:10.5958/2249-877X.2020.00087.9.Ahmad, F., M.F. & Mohd, R., Y. (2017). 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