Perbincangan mengenai teori dan model semangat kekitaan atau disebut juga ‘sense of belonging’ telah rancak dibahaskan dalam pelbagai cabang ilmu meliputi pelbagai perspektif termasuklah Islam dan Barat. Hal ini bagi memastikan matlamat kesejahteraan dan keharmonian hidup dapat dikecapi oleh setiap generasi terutama bagi negara yang berlatar belakangkan masyarakat multi etnik. Justeru, makalah ini bertujuan meninjau persamaan dan perbezaan teori dan model semangat kekitaan dari perspektif Islam dan Barat serta serta sejauh mana teori dan model ini dapat memperkukuh perpaduan di Malaysia. Perbincangan ini dibuat melalui metodologi analisis kandungan bersumberkan bahan ilmiah artikel jurnal, prosiding dan buku ilmiah mengenai Teori Semangat Kekitaan (‘asabiyyah) Ibnu Khaldun, Teori Pilihan Glasser dan Kerangka Sense of Belonging (Allen et. al, 2021). Hasil dapatan menunjukkan terdapat persamaan di antara ketiga-tiga teori dan model ini, iaitu dari sudut inti pati teori yang menekankan aspek hubungan sosial manakala perbezaan pula dari sudut mekanisme pembentukan semangat kekitaan. Ketiga-tiga teori dan model ini juga didapati dapat membentuk asas perpaduan yang holistik dalam mendepani isu berkaitan hubungan sosial, pendorong kepada tingkah laku individu dan mekanisme bagi memperkukuh semangat kekitaan di peringkat interpersonal dan intrapersonal. Implikasinya, walaupun teori dan model semangat kekitaan yang dibincangkan dalam makalah ini adalah berbeza dari segi garis masa dan sudut pandang, namun ia masih relevan untuk memperkukuh perpaduan kaum dalam sesebuah negara.

Kata kunci: Semangat kekitaan; ‘asabiyyah; teori pilihan Glasser; perpaduan; Islam; barat

Abstract: The discussion on the theory and model of sense of belonging, also referred to as semangat kekitaan, has been extensively debated across various disciplines, encompassing both Islamic and Western perspectives. This is to ensure that the objectives of well-being and social harmony can be achieved for every generation, particularly in nations with multi-ethnic societies. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the similarities and differences in the theories and models of sense of belonging from Islamic and Western perspectives, as well as to examine the extent to which these theories and models can strengthen unity in Malaysia. This discussion is conducted through a content analysis methodology based on scholarly sources, including journal articles, conference proceedings, and academic books on Ibn Khaldun's Theory of Asabiyyah, Glasser's Choice Theory, and Allen et al.'s (2021) Sense of Belonging Framework. The findings indicate that all three theories and models share similarities, particularly in their emphasis on social relationships as a core component. However, their differences lie in the mechanisms through which the sense of belonging is cultivated. Furthermore, these three theories and models provide a comprehensive foundation for unity, particularly in addressing issues related to social interactions, individual behavioral motivations, and mechanisms to strengthen belongingness at both interpersonal and intrapersonal levels. The implication is that, despite differences in historical context and perspectives, these theories and models remain relevant in strengthening interethnic unity within a nation.

Kata kunci: Sense of belonging; ‘asabiyyah; Glasser’s choice theory; unity; Islamic; western

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