Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan fonem dan suku kata yang berlaku terhadap perkataan pinjaman bahasa Arab berbanding perkataan asal bahasa Arab. Kajian juga dijalankan untuk menganalisis kaedah fonologi yang berkaitan dengan perkataan pinjaman bahasa Arab berbanding perkataan asal bahasa Arab. Teori Crowley (1987) yang berkaitan perubahan bunyi dirujuk untuk menganalisis data kajian. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandugan digunakan dalam kajian ini dan berbentuk deskriptif dalam bidang linguistik yang bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti perkataan pinjaman bahasa Arab yang mengalami peubahan vokal panjang menjadi pendek. Sampel kajian ini merupakan sebuah buku Pendidikan Moral Tingkatan Lima (PMTL) ditulis oleh Mohd Hilmie, Barati, dan Anuratha Bai tahun 2020. Sebanyak 20 kata pinjaman bahasa Arab didapati tertulis dalam sampel yang dikaji. Analisis mendapati vokal panjang berubah kepada vokal pendek kerana vokal panjang tidak terdpat dalam sistem fonetik bahasa Melayu. Pengurangan jumlah suku kata dalam bahasa Melayu tidak berlaku melainkan segmen sahaja yang berkurang hasil daripada perubahan tersebut. Perubahan vokal /ā/ paling banyak didapati dalam perkataan pinjaman yang berubah menjadi /a/, seterusnya vokal /ῑ/ yang berubah kepada /i/, dan akhir sekali vokal /ū/ yang berubah kepada /u/. Proses perubahan bunyi sound loss melalui syncope mengubah vokal panjang menjadi pendek kerana syncope menghilangkan satu segmen daripada perkataan di bahagian tengah, iaitu menggugurkan satu fonem vokal daripada fonem vokal panjang yang terbina daripada kata pinjaman bahasa Arab dalam PMTL.

Kata kunci: Bahasa Arab; fonem; fonologi; suku kata; vokal

Abstract: This study aims to study the phoneme and syllable changes that occur in Arabic loanwords compared to Arabic original words. The study was also conducted to analyze the phonological methods related to Arabic loanwords compared to Arabic original words. Crowley's (1987) theory related to sound changes was referred to to analyze the study data. A qualitative approach using the content analysis method was used in this study and is descriptive in the field of linguistics which aims to identify Arabic loanwords that experience long vowel changes to short vowels. The sample of this study is a book entitled Pendidikan Moral Tingkatan Lima (PMTL) written by Mohd Hilmie, Barati, and Anuratha Bai in 2020. A total of 20 Arabic loanwords were found written in the sample studied. The analysis found that long vowels changed to short vowels because long vowels are not found in the phonetic system of the Malay language. The reduction in the number of syllables in the Malay language did not occur except for segments that were reduced as a result of the change. The vowel change /ā/ is most commonly found in loanwords which changes to /a/, followed by the vowel /ῑ/ which changes to /i/, and finally the vowel /ū/ which changes to /u/.. The process of sound loss through syncope changes a long vowel to a short one because syncope removes a segment from the middle of a word, which is to drop a vowel phoneme from the long vowel phoneme that is built from Arabic loanwords in PMTL.

Keywords: Arabic language; phoneme; phonology; syllable; vocal

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Bahasa Arab; fonem; fonologi; suku kata; vokal