Pengukuhan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Sistem Perbankan dan Kewangan Islam dalam Mengatasi Kemiskinan Secara Multidimensi (Strengthening Community Economic Empowerment Through the Islamic Banking and Financial System in Addressing Multidimensional Poverty)
Abstract
Sistem perbankan dan kewangan yang berlandaskan prinsip syariah berorientasikan kepada keadilan sosial dan ekonomi bertujuan untuk menciptakan keseimbangan antara keperluan material dan spiritual dengan menekankan aspek-aspek pembiayaan tanpa riba. Walau bagaimananpun, tahap literasi kewangan yang rendah dalam kalangan masyarakat mengakibatkan kurangnya penyertaan dalam sistem ini yang seterusnya mempengaruhi kemampuan mereka untuk memenuhi keperluan hidup termasuk akses kepada pendidikan, kesihatan dan taraf hidup yang berkualiti dengan ditambah keperluan hidup semasa yang semakin berkembang. Oleh yang demikian, artikel ini menganalisis peranan perbankan dan kewangan Islam dalam mengatasi kemiskinan secara multidimensi di Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengaplikasikan kaedah analisis kandungan melalui data-data primer dan sekunder yang diperolehi dari kajian perpustakaan dan literatur. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan perbankan Islam memainkan peranan yang besar sebagai instrumen penting dalam mengatasi kemiskinan terutamanya melalui pendekatan yang patuh Syariah serta menyumbang kepada pengurangan kemiskinan secara multidimensi melalui aktiviti simpanan dan pelaburan. Selain itu, aktiviti simpanan yang dilakukan telah membina aset kewangan dan kestabilan ekonomi golongan miskin yang berupaya mengeluarkan mereka daripada insiden kemiskinan disamping membuka laluan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup bagi memenuhi keperluan selain kewangan. Kajian ini dilihat signifikan dalam menyediakan panduan kepada pembuat dasar dalam memperkukuh strategi pengukuhan ekonomi masyarakat melalui pengukuran kemiskinan secara multidimensi di Malaysia sekaligus menyokong Matlamat Pembangunan Lestari (SDG1) dalam usaha mencapai keadilan sosial dan kelestarian ekonomi yang inklusif. Kajian ini juga dapat menyumbang kepada penambahbaikan dasar awam berkaitan pembasmian kemiskinan serta mengukuhkan fungsi sektor perbankan Islam sebagai pemangkin pembangunan sosioekonomi negara.
Abstract: The Shariah principles in banking and the financial system are oriented towards social and economic justice, aiming to create a balance between material and spiritual needs by emphasizing non-interest-based financing. However, the low level of financial literacy among the public has resulted in limited participation in this system, which in turn affects their ability to meet essential needs, including access to education, healthcare, and a quality of living standards especially as the cost of living continues to rise. Therefore, this article analyzes the role of Islamic banking and finance in addressing multidimensional poverty in Malaysia. This study employs a qualitative approach through content analysis methods using primary and secondary data from library research and literature review. The findings indicate that Islamic banking plays a significant role as a key instrument in alleviating poverty, particularly through Shariah-compliant approaches, and contributes to the reduction of multidimensional poverty through savings and investment activities. Moreover, savings activities have helped build financial assets and economic stability for the poor, enabling them to escape poverty while also paving the way to improve overall well-being, including non-monetary needs. This study has a significant impact in guiding policymakers in strengthening economic empowerment strategies through multidimensional poverty measurement in Malaysia. It also supports Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG1) in the pursuit of social justice and inclusive economic sustainability. Furthermore, this study contributes to the improvement of public policies related to poverty eradication and strengthens the role of the Islamic banking sector as a catalyst for the country’s socioeconomic development.
References
AbdulKareem, I. A., Mahmud, M. S., Elaigwu, M., & Abdul Ganiyy, A. F. (2021). Mitigating the effect of COVID-19 on the society through Islamic social finance. The Journal of Management Theory and Practice, 2(1), 57–61. https://doi.org/10.37231/jmtp.2021.2.1.83
Abubakar Muhammad, A., Abubakar Shariff, I., & Umar, A. (2023). The impact of Islamic models of zakat and waqf in reducing poverty among vulnerables during the pandemic era in Bauchi State, Nigeria. AZKA International Journal of Zakat & Social Finance, 4(1), 69–90. https://doi.org/10.51377/azjaf.vol4no1.143
Aderemi, A. M. R., & Ishak, M. S. I. (2023). Qard Hasan as a feasible Islamic financial instrument for crowdfunding: Its potential and possible application for financing micro-enterprises in Malaysia. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 15(1), 58–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-08-2021-0145
Adewale, A. S., & Zubaedy, A. A. G. (2019). Islamic finance instruments as alternative financing to sustainable higher education in Nigeria. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, 9(1), 35–48.
Adinugraha, H. H., Shulhoni, M., & Achmad, D. (2023). Islamic social finance in Indonesia: Opportunities, challenges, and its role in empowering society. Review of Islamic Social Finance and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.20885/RISFE.vol2.iss1.art4
Ahmad, K. (2000). Islamic finance and banking: The challenge and prospects. Review of Islamic Economics, 9(1), 57–82.
Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 476–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.11.006
Alkire, S., Kanagaratnam, U., & Suppa, N. (2020). The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2020. OPHI MPI Methodological Note 49. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative. https://ophi.org.uk/publication/MN-49-2020
Amuda, Y. J., Razak, D. A., & Ahmed, A. A. (2016). Application of cash waqf in the empowerment of widows in Malaysia. Journal of Advanced Management Science, 4(3), 255–259. https://doi.org/10.12720/joams.4.3.255-259
Asim, M., & Pasha, H. F. (2022). Measuring multidimensional poverty method. Journal of Enterprise and Business Intelligence, 2(2), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.53759/5181/jebi202202005
Hussain, M. A., Azhar, A., & Badarulzaman, M. H. (2021). Analysis of zakat application screening procedures in selected states in Malaysia. Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 22(2), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2021.22.2.594
Balarabe, A., & Abdullah, M. F. (2022). Ujrah-based Islamic credit card: A Shariah-compliancy analysis. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Research, 5(1), 54–68. https://doi.org/10.53840/ijiefer.v5i1.69
Balarabe, A., Abdullah, M. F., Gwadabe, U. M., & Muhammad, A. J. (2023). History of Islamic banking in Malaysia: A general review. International Journal of Islamic Products and Malay Civilization, 2, 43–53.
Bank Negara Malaysia. (2021). Bank Negara Malaysia annual report 2020. https://www.bnm.gov.my/documents/20124/3026128/ar2020_en_book.pdf
Burchi, F., Malerba, D., Montenegro, C. E., & Rippin, N. (2022). Assessing trends in multidimensional poverty during the MDGs. Review of Income and Wealth, 68(S2), S317–S346. https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12578
Choudhury, M. A., Hossain, M. S., & Mohammad, M. T. (2019). Islamic finance instruments for promoting long-run investment in the light of the well-being criterion (maslaha). Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 10(2), 315–339. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-11-2016-0133
Ghani, H. A., & Yaacob, N. (2021). Prinsip-prinsip syariah dalam aktiviti muamalat. Rabbanica: Journal of Revealed Knowledge, 2(1), 111–130. https://ejournals.kias.edu.my/index.php/rabbanica/article/view/18 1.
Handoyo, H., & Khanifa, N. K. (2020). Zakat dan paradigma pemberdayaan ekonomi umat. Syariati: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an dan Hukum, 6(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.32699/syariati.v6i01.1260
Hasan, A., Khan, S. D., & Noordin, N. H. (2016). Innovation in Islamic finance: The way forward. Al-Shajarah, 21(2), 1–20.
Hassan, M. K., Aliyu, S., Paltrinieri, A., & Khan, A. (2019). A review of Islamic investment literature. Economic Papers: A Journal of Applied Economics and Policy, 38(4), 345–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-3441.12230
Husseini, S. A., Fam, S. F., Ahmat, N. N., Azmi, F. R., Prastyo, D. D., & Yanto, H. (2019). Islamic banking revolution in Malaysia: A review. Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, 7(4), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7434
Ibrahim, N., & Mohd Sapian, S. (2023). Factors influencing customers’ selection of Islamic home financing: A systematic review. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, 16(1), 59–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHMA-10-2021-0110
Jamil, N., & Che Mat, S. H. (2014). Realiti kemiskinan: Satu kajian teoritikal. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 48(1), 167–177.
Kantarcı, H. B., & Eren, T. (2018). The emergence of Sukuk market and economic effects. Global Journal of Emerging Trends in e-Business, Marketing and Consumer Psychology (GJETeMCP), 4, 1–7.
Kasiewicz, S. (2017). New trends in the system regulating the market of bank services. Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie, 45(4), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7450
Khatimah, H., & Isfandayani. (2023). Islamic microfinance for poverty alleviation. Tamkin Journal, 2(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.58968/tj.v2i2.302
Liu, W. (2021). Human capital accumulation, income protection insurance and poverty reduction in the least developed countries. Australian Economic Papers, 60(2), 361–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8454.12208
Maulana, M. R., & Mawadah, S. (2023). Management of Hajj funds in Sukuk investment from an Islamic economic perspective. International Conference on Islamic Economic, 2(1), 10–35. https://doi.org/10.58223/icie.v2i1.204
Md Nooh, M. A., Subramaniam, G., & Hanafiah, M. H. (2021). Cash transfer programme in Malaysia: A conceptual analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(2), 799–812. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i2/7992
Md Saad, N. (2012). Microfinance and prospect for Islamic microfinance products: The case of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. Advances in Asian Social Science, 1(1), 206–213.
Mohamad Halim, A.S., Ishak, S., Che Omar, A.R., (2025). Keberhasilan Pembasmian Kemiskinan Melalui Agihan Zakat Bantuan Modal Perniagaan. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 22(2), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.02
Moinuddin, C. (2018). An introduction to Islamic finance: A different perspective on global business. HSBC Amanah Malaysia.
Muhibban, & Munir, M. M. (2023). Pemberdayaan ekonomi berlandaskan maslahah dalam hukum Islam. Jurnal Kajian Islam Modern, 10(1), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.56406/jkim.v10i01.311
Muneer, F., & Khan, F. (2022). Impact of Qard-al-Hasan (interest-free loan) program in reducing multidimensional poverty: An evidence from the southwest Bangladesh. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 15(6), 1072–1087. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-03-2021-0101
Murniati, W., Juliasari, D., & Hanifah, N. (2020). Determinants of interest in saving for students in Islamic banking. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Akuntansi, Keuangan dan Pajak, 4(2), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.30741/assets.v4i2.548
Mustaffa, N. K., Shahrudin, N. S. N., Aziz, M. F. H. A., & Mustaffa, A. (2023). Key challenges and strategies towards sustainable infrastructure development in Malaysia. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 15(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.001
Pandoman, A. (2022). Islamic financial infrastructure towards the establishment of Sharia central banks. Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences, 1(5), 903–920. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjas.v1i5.1459
Rabbani, M. R. (2022). Fintech innovations, scope, challenges, and implications in Islamic finance: A systematic analysis. International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, 13(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.12785/ijcds/130147
Rahman, M. A., Sani, N. S., Hamdan, R., Othman, Z. A., & Bakar, A. A. (2021). A clustering approach to identify multidimensional poverty indicators for the bottom 40 percent group. PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0255312. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255312
Ramli, S., Md Sum, S., & Awang, A. H. (2025). Pengurusan kewangan generasi milenial: Perbandingan gender. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 22(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.01
Ravallion, M. (2011). On multidimensional indices of poverty. Journal of Economic Inequality, 9(2), 235–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10888-011-9173-4
Ren, Y. (2023). Research on poverty and saving behavior: Based on the perspective of scarcity mentality and time preference. Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences, 14, 83–92. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/14/20230834
Markom, R., & Ismail, N. (2009). The development of Islamic banking laws in Malaysia: An overview. Jurnal Undang-Undang, 13, 191–205.
Sengupta, R., & Poddar, A. (2022). Proposed application of Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in microfinance industries using machine learning. 2022 International Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Technology and Management (IRTM 2022) (pp. 830–836). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRTM54583.2022.9791682
Siddiqi, M. N. (2006). Islamic banking and finance in theory and practice: A survey of state of the art. Islamic Economic Studies, 13(2), 1–48.
Siwar, C., Ahmed, F., Bashawir, A., & Mia, M. S. (2016). Urbanization and urban poverty in Malaysia: Consequences and vulnerability. Journal of Applied Sciences, 16(4), 154–160. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2016.154.160
Kurnialis, S., Uliya, Z., Fitriani, M., Aulasiska, M., & Nizam, M. S. (2022). Perkembangan perbankan syariah di negara Muslim. Jurnal Rumpun Ekonomi Syariah, 5(2), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.25299/syarikat.2022.vol5(2).9688
Suharnanik, S., & Yulairini, S. (2022). Family welfare empowerment (PKK) role in set woman cooperation to support economy creative empowerment based on community. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 77, 162–173. https://doi.org/10.33788/rcis.77.10
Susana, L. M., & Safitri, N. (2023). Investasi dalam perspektif ekonomi syariah. Jurnal Studi Islam, 4(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.47281/fas.v4i1.125
Susantiningrum, S., & Murwaningsih, T. (2021). The role of entrepreneurial orientations on micro small enterprises (MSEs) performance: Study of Indonesia MSEs performance in a border area. 2nd International Conference of Science and Technology for the Internet of Things (ICSTI 2019) (pp. 73–85).
Tedong, P. A., Zyed, Z. A. S., Jani, R., & Fazlie, F. A. (2022). Rural residents’ perceptions on the poverty alleviation and governance in Sarawak, Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Society, 23(1), 1–15.
Umam, F. N., Salam, A. N., & Rizal, A. (2021). Determinants of Mudharabah term deposit: A case of Indonesia Islamic banks. Journal of Economics Research and Social Sciences, 5(2), 124–145. https://doi.org/10.18196/jerss.v5i2.12445.
UN-Habitat. (2021). World cities report 2021: The value of sustainable urbanization. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org
United Nations Development Programme. (2010). Human development report 2010: The real wealth of nations: Pathways to human development. Palgrave Macmillan. https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2010
United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Human development report 2023: Breaking the gridlock. UNDP. https://hdr.undp.org
Usman, A. S., & Tasmin, R. (2016). Linkage between Islamic micro-finance and poverty reduction in Malaysia. International Business Management, 10(17), 3739–3746.
Usmani, M. M. T. (2002). An introduction to Islamic finance. Brill.
World Bank. (2020). COVID-19 to add as many as 150 million extreme poor by 2021. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/10/07/covid-19-to-add-as-many-as-150-million-extreme-poor-by-2021
World Bank. (2022). Poverty and shared prosperity 2022: Correcting course. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/poverty-and-shared-prosperity
World Bank. (2022). World development indicators 2022. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators.
Yarli, D., Pusvivasari, L., & Athoillah, M. A. (2023). Fungsionalisasi wakaf tunai bagi penyelesaian problema kemiskinan di Indonesia. Al-Afkar: Journal for Islamic Studies, 6(1), 519–532.
Zailani, M. N., Satar, N. H. M., & Zakaria, R. H. (2023). Multidimensional poverty measurement from Islamic perspectives: A survey of the literature. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 31(1), 77–98.
Zainur, Z. (2021). Islamic finance and economic development: The impact of the Islamic finance sector on Indonesia’s economic development. Journal of Sharia Economics, 3(1), 52–63.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.17
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
-
_________________________________________________
eISSN 1823-884x
Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan
MALAYSIA
© Copyright UKM Press, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia