Tahap Literasi Politik Masyarakat Sabah Mengenai Hubungan Negeri-Persekutuan Berdasarkan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 (MA63) dalam Kerangka Federalisme (The Level of Political Literacy Among Sabahan People on State-Federal Realtions Based on The Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63) Within the Framework of Federalism)
Abstract
Perdebatan tentang federalisme dalam bidang ilmu politik mula mendapat perhatian selepas Perang Dunia Kedua pada 1945 apabila negara-negara merdeka mula mencari bentuk sistem pemerintahan yang sesuai untuk diaplikasikan. Malaysia merupakan antara negara yang memilih sistem federalisme dengan sejarah pembentukan persekutuannya yang unik menerusi penyatuan wilayah-wilayah yang berbeza dari segi pentadbiran dan budaya iaitu Semenanjung Tanah Melayu, Sabah dan Sarawak. Ketiga-tiga wilayah ini telah memeterai Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 (MA63) sebagai asas kepada proses dekolonisasi yang membawa kepada pembentukan Malaysia. Namun demikian, masih terdapat kekeliruan dalam kalangan masyarakat mengenai literasi federalisme dan MA63. Kekeliruan ini seringkali berlaku dalam konteks pertembungan wacana politik serta pengaruh teknologi maklumat khususnya media sosial yang sering menjadi sumber maklumat utama masyarakat. Walau bagaimanapun, kesahihan dan ketelusan maklumat yang disebarkan melalui media sosial tidak dapat dipastikan sepenuhnya sekali gus memberi kesan kepada tahap literasi masyarakat. Tujuan utama kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk membincangkan tahap literasi masyarakat Sabah terhadap Perjanjian Malaysia dan konsep Federalisme dalam konteks hubungan antara Negeri Sabah dan Kerajaan Persekutuan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif iaitu seramai 503 responden diperoleh dan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah statistik deskriptif bagi menentukan tahap pengetahuan dan pemahaman responden terhadap MA63 dan konsep federalisme. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa tahap literasi politik masyarakat Sabah berada pada tahap sederhana mengenai kefahaman terhadap prinsip pembahagian kuasa, hak-hak negeri serta Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 dalam kerangka hubungan antara negeri dan persekutuan.
Abstract: The debate on federalism in political science began to gain attention after World War II in 1945 as newly independent countries sought suitable systems of governance to implement. Malaysia is one of the countries that adopted a federal system, characterised by a uniquely formed federation created through the unification of territories with distinct administrative and cultural backgrounds specifically Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. These three regions signed the Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63) as the foundation for the decolonisation process that led to the formation of Malaysia. However, confusion remains among the public regarding the literacy of federalism and MA63. This confusion often arises from conflicting political discourses and the influence of information technology particularly social media which has become the main source of information for many. Nonetheless, the accuracy and transparency of information disseminated through social media cannot be fully verified, thus affecting the level of public literacy. The primary objective of this study is to examine the level of literacy among the people of Sabah concerning the MA63 and the concept of federalism within the context of Sabah–Federal Government relations. This study employed a quantitative approach involving 503 respondents and utilized descriptive statistical methods to determine the respondents' knowledge and understanding of MA63 and federalism. The findings indicate that the political literacy of the people in Sabah is at a moderate level, particularly in terms of understanding the principles of power distribution, state rights and the Malaysia Agreement 1963 within the federal-state relationship framework.
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.15
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