Penglibatan Kegiatan Jenayah Warganegara Afrika di Malaysia: Satu Tinjauan Literatur (The Involvement of African Nationals in Criminal Activities in Malaysia: A Literature Review)

Abstract

Isu kehadiran serta lambakan warganegara Afrika di Malaysia telah mula menjadi tumpuan di peringkat komuniti masyarakat, media massa dan pentadbiran kerajaan Malaysia. Peningkatan kehadiran warganegara Afrika di Malaysia mula mencetuskan pelbagai reaksi bukan sahaja kepada rakyat tempatan malah kerajaan Malaysia memandangkan ia mewujudkan ancaman terhadap aspek keselamatan insan serta menganggu ketenteraman awam. Meskipun kehadiran mereka ke negara ini adalah secara sah di sisi undang-undang imigresen Malaysia, namun peningkatan jumlah warganegara Afrika di negara ini menimbulkan banyak persoalan khususnya berkaitan aktiviti serta tujuan sebenar mereka ke negara ini. Terdapat insiden di mana segelintir warganegara Afrika ini tinggal lebih tempoh visa di negara ini hingga membabitkan diri dengan pelbagai kegiatan jenayah dan tidak bermoral. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti jenis kegiatan jenayah yang dilakukan segelintir warganegara Afrika di Malaysia melalui tinjuan literatur. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dan analisis kandungan terhadap sumber data sekunder yang merujuk kepada penerbitan buku ilmiah, tesis akademik, artikel jurnal serta kenyataan dan dokumen rasmi kerajaan yang berkaitan dengan isu ini. Konsep keselamatan insan turut digunapakai untuk menjelaskan isu yang dikaji. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kebanyakan warganegara Afrika di Malaysia terlibat dengan pelbagai kegiatan jenayah antaranya adalah pelanggaran undang-undang berkaitan imigresen, jenayah berkaitan dadah, pemerdagangan manusia, gangguan ketenteraman awam serta beberapa kes-kes penipuan. Kajian ini mencadangkan penyelidikan lanjutan berbentuk kajian empirikal bagi menilai faktor kehadiran serta implikasi isu ini terhadap keselamatan insan di Malaysia.Abstract: The issue of the presence and influx of African nationals in Malaysia has increasingly garnered attention among the local community, the media and the Malaysian government. The growing number of Africans in the country has sparked various reactions, not only among Malaysians but also from the authorities, as their presence is perceived as a threat to human security and public order. Although their entry into the country is legal under Malaysian immigration law, the rising number of African migrants has raised many questions, particularly regarding their actual intention and activities. There have been incidents involving certain Africans overstaying their visas, subsequently engaging in criminal and immoral activities. 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