e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities

Systematic Literature Review on Influencing Factors on Involvement of The Minorities in The Deviant Acts

Vinodini Sivabalan — 2025-11-30

Deviant acts such as murder, sexual victimization, bullying, mental health issues, substance use, violent crimes and theft represent behaviors outside of social norms. These acts are often closely associated with minority, youth and marginalized groups, who may be subjected to such behaviors due to systemic discrimination, exclusion and adverse social conditions. This systematic discrimination, exclusion or adverse social conditions. This systematic literature review examined 31 articles focusing on deviant acts experienced or committed by these groups. Thematic analysis categorized deviant behaviors into five main types which is substance use and HIV/AIDS, sexual crimes, criminal offenses, bullying victimization and discrimination. The review also identified the communities most frequently represented, including African Americans, Hispanic, LGBTQ, Palestinian Arab, Russian, homeless, and Latino. Findings reveals that deviant acts occur at a disproportionately high rate among these groups, particularly in urban contexts such as United States where its often driven by structural inequalities and marginalization. This paper highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between minority status and deviant behavior to foster safer environments and promote equity. The study concludes by outlining directions for future research in criminology and minority as well as youth studies.

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Meneroka Strategi Daya Tindak Ibu Tunggal Dalam Menangani Tekanan Kewangan (Exploring Single Mothers’ Coping Strategies in Dealing with Financial Stress)

Che Nurafidah Che Rasli — 2025-11-30

Ibu tunggal berpendapatan rendah di Malaysia menghadapi tekanan kewangan berterusan akibat keterbatasan sumber ekonomi, yang menjejaskan kesejahteraan diri serta kestabilan sosioekonomi keluarga. Tekanan ini merangkumi kesukaran memenuhi keperluan asas seperti makanan, tempat tinggal, pendidikan anak, serta tanggungjawab berganda sebagai pencari nafkah dan penjaga. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan bagi meneroka strategi daya tindak yang digunakan oleh ibu tunggal berpendapatan rendah dalam menangani tekanan kewangan. Kerangka konseptual kajian berasaskan lima teori utama iaitu Model Tekanan Keluarga, Teori Pemuliharaan Sumber, Teori Stres dan Daya Tindak, Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang, dan Teori Ketahanan, yang secara kolektif menjelaskan kesan tekanan ekonomi, kehilangan sumber, mekanisme penilaian kognitif, pembentukan tingkah laku kewangan, serta keupayaan bangkit semula. Reka bentuk kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan temu bual separa berstruktur melibatkan 19 informan dari Pulau Pinang dan Perak, disokong oleh penggunaan Skala InCharge Financial Distress/Financial Well-Being (IFDFW) untuk menilai tahap kesejahteraan kewangan. Data dianalisis melalui analisis tematik menggunakan perisian NVivo 12/14. Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti tiga strategi utama iaitu sokongan formal (agensi kerajaan, NGO, zakat), sokongan tidak formal (keluarga, rakan, komuniti), dan usaha kendiri/ kerohanian (pengurusan bajet, kerja tambahan, kekuatan kerohanian). Implikasi kajian menekankan keperluan dasar sosial yang responsif, intervensi komuniti yang inklusif, literasi kewangan, serta sokongan psikososial bagi meningkatkan daya tahan kewangan ibu tunggal di Malaysia.

Abstract: Low-income single mothers in Malaysia experience persistent financial stress due to limited resources, which directly affects personal well-being and family stability. This stress encompasses challenges in meeting basic needs, including food, housing, children’s education, and balancing dual responsibilities as both breadwinner and caregiver. Hence, this study explores the coping strategies employed by low-income single mothers in dealing with financial stress. The conceptual framework integrates five theories namely the Family Stress Model, Conservation of Resources Theory, Stress and Coping Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Resilience Theory. Together, these frameworks explain the effects of economic hardship, resource loss, cognitive appraisal, financial behavior formation, and resilience in overcoming adversity. A qualitative design was adopted using semi-structured interviews with 19 informants from Penang and Perak, supported by the use of the InCharge Financial Distress/Financial Well-Being (IFDFW) Scale to assess financial well-being. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo 12/14 software to identify patterns and thematic categories. The study’s findings revealed three primary coping strategies, namely formal support (government agencies, NGOs, zakat institutions), informal support (family, friends, community), and self-driven/spiritual efforts (budgeting, supplementary work, spiritual strength). The study underscores the need for responsive social policies, inclusive community interventions, financial literacy initiatives, and psychosocial support to strengthen financial resilience among low-income single mothers in Malaysia.

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Digital Workforce Screening: A SWOT Perspective on IT Program Readiness in Malaysian Vocational Education

Nurbaya Mohd Rosli — 2025-11-30

Screening assessments in vocational colleges are a strategic innovation in educational evaluation, designed to identify the cognitive and technical readiness of students entering program-specific courses. In Malaysia, the Information Technology (IT) program within Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) plays a pivotal role in equipping students with programming, computational thinking (CT), and digital skills essential for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) and the digital economy. However, cognitive screening assessments tailored to IT programs in vocational colleges remain underexplored, leading to inconsistencies in student intake quality and misalignment between curriculum expectations and industry demands. This study employs a SWOT analysis framework to examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of integrating screening assessments for programming and CT in vocational IT education. Data were collected through a literature review from major databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on empirical studies in programming and CT. Findings highlight several strengths: improved problem-solving abilities, industry relevance, and enhanced employability for graduates. Weaknesses include limited institutional resources, insufficient teacher training, and uneven student readiness. Opportunities emerge through government initiatives, educational technologies, and industry collaborations, while threats stem from rapid technological change and persistent digital divides. The study underscores the need for program-specific screening tools that ensure equitable access, enhance employability, and align vocational IT programs with evolving industry standards, thereby supporting Malaysia’s digital transformation and competitiveness.

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The COVID Stress Scale in a Malaysian population: Psychometric properties

Nor Ba'yah Abdul Kadir — 2025-11-30

The COVID Stress Scales (CSS) were used to assess distress related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In line with Malaysia's epidemic prevention and control policies during the pandemic, a Malay version of the CSS was developed. This study validated the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the CSS in a Malaysian sample of 686 adults (431 females, 255 males; aged 18–65 years), addressing the lack of culturally specific tools to measure pandemic-related distress in Malaysia. Using rigorous translation and confirmatory factor analysis, the CSS demonstrated strong internal consistency. The results showed that a six-factor model encompassing danger, socioeconomic impact, xenophobia, contamination, traumatic stress, and compulsive checking for the Malay adaptation of the CSS was a good fit with the data. Concurrent validity was confirmed through significant correlations with established measures of COVID-19 fear, PTSD symptoms, and depression. The novelty of this research lies in providing the first comprehensive validation of the Malay CSS, ensuring its cultural relevance and accuracy for assessing COVID-19 stress within the Malaysian sociocultural context. These findings position the CSS as a reliable, multidimensional instrument with practical applications for mental health research and targeted public health interventions to address pandemic-related psychological distress in Malaysia.

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Wu Zhong and The Governance of The Tonghui Canal During The Ming Dynasty

Zhang Xiaomei — 2025-11-30

Wu Zhong (吴仲) played a pivotal yet underexplored role in the restoration and governance of the Tonghui Canal during the Ming dynasty. This study critically examines his multifaceted contributions as a hydraulic engineer, policymaker, and historiographer. It explores how he led the technical and administrative efforts in restoring the Tonghui Canal and evaluates his intellectual legacy, especially through his authorship of the Gazetteer of the Tonghui Canal (通惠河志), which offers valuable insights into the canal’s history and governance. Addressing the scholarly gap concerning Wu Zhong’s historical significance, this research employs library research and qualitative textual analysis to reconstruct the historical, technical, and institutional dimensions of his work. The findings demonstrate that Wu Zhong’s engineering initiatives significantly enhanced transportation efficiency, reinforced political stability, and stimulated economic growth in the Beijing region. His policy advocacy, conveyed through strategic memorials and institutional reforms, contributed to long-term improvements in water conservancy and urban logistics. Furthermore, his compilation of the Gazetteer of the Tonghui Canal provided an enduring epistemic foundation for subsequent hydraulic governance and historiography. By reassessing Wu Zhong’s contributions, this study offers a more comprehensive understanding of the intersection between technology, statecraft, and knowledge production in the Ming dynasty. It concludes that Wu Zhong’s leadership and intellectual legacy generated lasting societal and scholarly impacts, positioning him as a central figure in the development of Ming dynasty infrastructure and governance.

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Narratives from Malaysian Healthcare Workers: A Window into their Community of Practice

Anna Lynn Abu Bakar — 2025-11-30

In Malaysia’s complex healthcare environment, understanding the lived experiences of healthcare workers in a collective manner is vital to addressing challenges in service delivery. To this end, this study examines narratives from healthcare workers in a public hospital in Sabah as a way-in to explore the structure and functions of their Community of Practice (CoP). Narratives, collected through two online focus group discussions with eight participants, were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically to identify recurring patterns and meanings. The research significance lies in demonstrating how storytelling functions as both a mirror and mechanism of a CoP. It makes visible norms and emotional dynamics that underpin collaborative practice. Findings reveal four thematic areas: hierarchical boundary negotiation, mentorship and cultural induction, emotional expression and coping, and identity formation with collective memory. These themes illuminated how members navigate professional hierarchies, introduce newcomers through culturally embedded advice, share emotionally charged experiences for mutual support, and preserve institutional memory through repeated stories. The results show that in a high-pressure, hierarchical healthcare setting, narratives provide crucial emotional and professional scaffolding, strengthening team cohesion and resilience while transmitting context-specific, practice-based knowledge. The study concludes that recognising and facilitating narrative exchange within healthcare CoPs can support workplace cohesion, mitigate burnout, and indirectly improve patient care quality. For the Malaysian context, this approach offers culturally attuned insights into sustaining professional communities amid structural and emotional challenges. Future research should extend narrative-based inquiry across diverse institutions and explore longitudinal changes in narrative repertoires.

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A Conceptual Framework on Climate Change Sensitivity and Technology Adoption Among Farmers

Suryani Darham — 2025-11-30

This conceptual paper investigates how economic, political, cultural, and institutional responses to climate change influence farmers' use of adaptive technologies. Drawing on interdisciplinary theories and contextual literature, it proposes an integrative framework in which these sensitivities act as interconnected factors that either promote or impede innovation. Economic sensitivity determines farmers' financial capacity and their willingness to invest in climate-related risk-mitigation technologies. Political sensitivity refers to the role of policies, governance, and resource allocation in creating enabling environments for trust and adoption. Cultural sensitivity emphasises the impact of local knowledge, traditions, and collective practices on farmers' perceptions of technological change, demonstrating that technologies that align with established norms are more likely to be adopted. Institutional sensitivity focusses on the role of research organisations, agricultural extension services, and financing mechanisms in providing the knowledge and support required for successful adoption. The paper contends that climate-smart agricultural systems necessitate adaptive strategies that combine technological solutions with socially grounded and context-specific methods. This paper addresses a gap in prior research, which has typically treated these sensitivities separately, by proposing an integrative framework. By situating adoption decisions within these interconnected sensitivities, the framework improves understanding of how social, economic, and institutional dimensions interact to shape farmers' reactions. It also provides useful insights for developing inclusive policies and practices that boost resilience and enable long-term agricultural transformation.

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E-Komik sebagai Kaedah Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sinopsis dalam Novel Naratif Ogonshoto (E-Comics as a Teaching and Learning Method for Synopsis in the Narrative Novel Ogonshoto)

Siti Norshahira Mohd Shafie — 2025-11-30

Komik merupakan media yang menyampaikan naratif melalui gabungan gambar dan teks yang menarik. Namun, dengan perkembangan teknologi, kini wujud e-komik yang dibangunkan menggunakan teknologi digital. E-komik digunakan secara meluas di dalam bidang pendidikan pada masa kini. Walaupun begitu, pengaplikasian e-komik terhadap sesuatu karya dalam bidang Kesusasteraan Melayu Komunikatif masih tidak mendapat penyertaan yang memberangsangkan daripada guru sastera. Justeru, guru sastera seharusnya sebagai nadi penggerak untuk memulakan e-komik sebagai kaedah pengajaran dalam sesuatu sub topik. Oleh hal yang demikian, kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi menyelesaikan isu berkenaan sikap negatif murid yang kurang minat dalam pembacaan yang kian menjadi barah dalam dunia pendidikan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti keperluan aplikasi multimedia dalam PdP serta mengaplikasikan e-komik dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran sinopsis novel Naratif Ogonshoto berteraskan Teori Konstruktivisme. Kajian dijalankan di salah sebuah sekolah di daerah Bachok, Kelantan. Seramai 31 Orang Murid Tingkatan 4 dan seorang guru KMK telah dipilih sebagai responden. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengaplikasian e-komik membawa perubahan yang positif dalam meningkatkan kefahaman murid serta mampu meningkatkan minat dan motivasi murid dalam pembacaan terhadap sesuatu karya. Kajian ini dapat membantu guru dalam menyediakan bahan interaktif yang menarik dan kreatif sekali gus menyediakan suasana pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang lebih aktif serta bermakna. Oleh itu, penggunaan e-komik yang berteraskan elemen multimedia seperti grafik, audio, animasi kartun dan dialog mampu membuka ruang kepada murid untuk menyelami karya dengan lebih mudah. Malah, pendekatan ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman murid berbanding pengajaran yang hanya bergantung pada bahan maujud seperti buku teks semata-mata.

Abstract: Comics are a narrative medium that combines text and visuals in an engaging way. With technological advancements, e-comics developed through digital applications have emerged and are now widely used in education. However, their application in Kesusasteraan Melayu Komunikatif (KMK) remains limited and has not gained significant attention from literature teachers. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the need for multimedia applications in teaching and learning (PdP) and to examine the effectiveness of e-comics in teaching the synopsis of the novel Naratif Ogonshoto, based on Constructivist Theory. The study was carried out in a secondary school in Bachok, Kelantan, involving 31 Form Four students and one KMK teacher as respondents. The findings reveal that the use of e-comics enhances students’ comprehension of literary texts while fostering greater interest and motivation in reading. Multimedia elements in e-comics, such as graphics, audio, animations, and dialogues, create a more interactive, creative, and meaningful learning environment compared to teaching that relies solely on textbooks. This study highlights the potential of e-comics as an alternative medium that supports teachers in delivering literature lessons more effectively, thereby strengthening students’ engagement and understanding of literary works.

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From Batu Gajah to Tokyo: Translating and Publishing Lat’s Budak Kampung for the Global Market

Nor Idatul Akmar Zulkipli — 2025-11-30

The globalisation of knowledge and information has positioned translation institutions and publishers as key agents in spreading cultural and linguistic diversity worldwide. Beyond economic exchange, translation and publishing activities enable local works to cross borders, promoting cultural dialogue and intellectual sharing. This paper discusses the role of the Malaysian Institute of Translation and Books (ITBM) as both publisher and translation institution in promoting Malaysian works to the international market. Using the Japanese edition of Lat’s graphic novel Budak Kampung as the study material, the paper highlights ITBM’s functions in (i) selection and evaluation, (ii) production and design, and (iii) marketing and distribution. The research, based on manual data collection and descriptive analysis, shows that the decision to translate Budak Kampung into Japanese was driven by three factors, Lat’s prominence as an author, the collaborative practices among publishers, and the credibility of the story, which has been translated into 13 world languages. The findings also reveal that changes were made to the content, design and book size to align with the Japanese market. TUFS Press Tokyo was identified as the partner responsible for marketing and distribution in Japan. The implications of this study indicate that publishers are not only mediators of texts but also active cultural agents, promoting local works internationally through translation and publishing while strengthening Malaysian cultural identity in the global arena.

References

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Artificial Intelligence Integration among Design Students in Malaysia

Aiman Daniel Roslan — 2025-11-30

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping the creative industry, yet little is known on how Malaysian design students cope with it. Existing studies on AI literacy tend to focus on science and technology fields, leaving a significant gap of the creative arts. This study tackles that gap by exploring how thirty final-year undergraduate graphic design students from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam weave AI into their academic work. Framed by Expectancy–Value Theory (EVT), this study captured student perspectives through six focus group discussions (each 60–90 minutes long), probing their experiences, attitudes, and the perceived costs and benefits of using AI. The findings reveal selective adoption. For instance, while 93% of participants use ChatGPT to spark ideas, few explored design-specific tools like Adobe Firefly or Photoshop Beta. Students consistently praised AI for boosting efficiency and aiding brainstorming but expressed heavy reservations about its impact on authenticity and originality. A clear disconnect presented, with institutional policies lagging behind the rapid realities of the design industry, forcing students to depend on other sources for guidance. From these discussions, four central themes emerged: authenticity concerns, perceived benefits and costs, institutional misalignment, and demand for guidance. The study highlights the need for immediate AI literacy initiatives supported by workshops and ethical guidelines, as well as longer-term curriculum reform and lecturer training. A discipline-specific model of critical AI integration is recommended to ensure that student preparedness for industry demands while safeguarding the originality and cultural heritage central to the design profession.

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Transmedia News Production: Bridging Traditional TV Authority with Digital Agility of Metro TV

Sofia Aunul — 2025-11-30

This study examines the evolution and implementation of transmedia journalism within the Indonesian news media landscape, focusing specifically on Metro TV, Indonesia’s first news television station. As journalism globally adapts to rapid technological advancements and shifting audience behaviors, transmedia storytelling has emerged as a critical strategy for integrating multiple digital platforms to create cohesive, immersive news narratives. Metro TV’s adoption of a transmedia news model reflects broader trends in media convergence and audience engagement, leveraging social media alongside traditional broadcast to enhance reach and interactivity. Despite its potential, the transition to transmedia journalism presents challenges including technological constraints, audience fragmentation, and the need for coordinated cross-platform content production. Through qualitative methods, including semi- structured interviews with key personnel in Metro TV’s news production and social media divisions, this research explores the newsroom’s strategies, workflows, and the practical realities of implementing transmedia practices. The findings highlight the dynamic interplay between traditional journalistic values and innovative digital storytelling techniques, underscoring the importance of adaptability and digital skill acquisition among journalists. This study contributes to the understanding of how legacy media organizations in emerging markets navigate the complexities of digital transformation, offering insights into the opportunities and obstacles inherent in transmedia journalism’s evolution.

References

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Caregiving Challenges among Frail Elderly Who Have Lost Their Only Child: A Qualitative Study in Urban Chongqing

Xiang Ji Peng — 2025-11-30

The loss of an only child ((in Chinese, Shidu) creates profound emotional trauma and structural vulnerabilities for elderly parents in China, especially those who are frail and living without reliable family-based care. Despite growing recognition of their plight, little is known about the multidimensional caregiving challenges they face in urban contexts. This study aims to explore the lived experiences and caregiving difficulties of frail elderly who have lost their only child in Chongqing, a rapidly aging municipality. A qualitative phenomenological approach was adopted to capture the subjective realities of this vulnerable group. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 11 frail elderly who have lost their only child from two urban communities, and data were collected through in-depth interviews. The transcripts were thematically analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step framework. The findings reveal five interrelated caregiving challenges: economic stability with lingering risks, physical decline and chronic illness, emotional loss and psychological trauma, social withdrawal and shrinking life space, care deficits and future anxiety. The study underscores the importance of developing affordable long-term care schemes, expanding psychosocial interventions, and strengthening community safety mechanisms for frail elderly who have lost their only child. These findings provide critical insights for policymakers, community workers, and social organizations seeking to improve eldercare models and design more inclusive, culturally sensitive interventions for vulnerable older adults.

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Issues and Challenges in the Implementation of the Harakah Islamiah (HIKMAH) Da’wah Program for Muslim Converts (Muallaf) in the Rural Area of Sarawak

Mohd Zuhaili Kamal Basir — 2025-11-30

This study aims to examine the key issues and challenges in the implementation of the da’wah programs by the Harakah Islamiah (HIKMAH) for Muslim converts in the rural areas of Sarawak. A qualitative approach was employed through document analysis and content analysis of journals, conference proceedings, program implementation reports, policy documents and relevant HIKMAH publications. The findings reveal that the implementation of these programs faces various challenges, including logistical constraints due to difficult geographical access, shortage of trained da’wah personnel, cultural and language gaps, as well as limited financial resources and basic infrastructure. Furthermore, social pressure from the converts’ original communities and the absence of a structured support system have also affected the process of religious internalization and commitment among the converts. Despite the importance of rural da’wah, limited scholarly focus has been given to the contextual and structural challenges Islamic institutions in Sarawak face in serving diverse muallaf communities. This study fills that gap by examining internal programmatic limitations through institutional documents. The study suggests that a more holistic, inclusive and locally grounded da’wah approach should be strengthened through cross-agency collaboration involving religious departments, higher education institutions, NGOs and local community leaders. The findings of this study provide important implications for the development of more realistic, contextual and impactful da’wah strategies in enhancing Islamic identity and the overall well-being of Muslim converts in the rural regions of Sarawak.

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Museum Text Translation through Multimodal Discourse Analysis: A Case Study of the Wooden Screen at Guangzhou Museum

Yan Dong — 2025-11-30

With the increasing prominence of multimodality in museum exhibitions, museum text translation is no longer simply an interlingual transformation but rather a complex process involving multiple semiotic resources and modalities. However, museum translation practice has yet to fully respond to the new trend, and previous studies have largely followed a monomodal, language-oriented paradigm centered on source–target equivalence, while scholarly engagement with multimodal discourse analysis in museum translation remains scarce. Against this background, this study aims to investigate the multimodal dimensions that shape museum text translation by drawing on the five-layered analytical framework proposed by Zhang Delu in his Synthetic Framework for Multimodal Discourse Analysis. This study selects a carved wooden screen at the entrance of a permanent exhibition in Guangzhou Museum (China) as the single case for qualitative analysis. The findings demonstrate that museum text translation is not solely a linguistic act but a multimodally situated practice shaped by layered semiotic dimensions: cultural narratives, semantic choices, visual conventions, spatial constraints, and material affordances. This study carries significant theoretical implications in that it bridges multimodal discourse analysis and translation studies, advancing their integration and offering a structured lens for examining museum text translation within multimodal environments. On a practical level, the findings inform curators and designers working to enhance intercultural accessibility and coherence in multimodal museums.

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A Systematic Review of Factors Influencing Women's Sports Participation

Jifang Cheng — 2025-11-30

With the continuous rise in global chronic diseases, public health issues have attracted more attention. Women's health is particularly prominent in this regard. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes that "regular engagement in physical exercise is fundamental to health maintenance." However, recent research indicates that approximately one-third of women worldwide fail to meet the physical activity levels recommended by health experts. This situation has made women mass sports participation an important topic in academic research. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), individual behavior is directly influenced by behavioral intention. Behavioral intention is shaped by several interrelated factors. Using this theoretical framework, this study employs a systematic review to identify factors influencing women's intentions to participate in mass sports and align them within the TPB model. This provides a theoretical basis for promoting female engagement in sports. Based on a qualitative analysis of the 30 included studies, this research identifies four categories of factors influencing women's intention to participate in mass sports: attitude toward sports participation, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and other relevant factors. Among these, perceived behavioral control demonstrates the most significant association with women's intention to engage in mass sports. To advance this field, future research should use theory-driven longitudinal designs to improve the accuracy of participation predictions. Mixed-methods approaches are also recommended to gain a deeper understanding of women's experiences and their subjective views on influencing factors.

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Pendekatan Terapi Syukur dalam Mengurus Tekanan Emosi Ibu Tunggal Menurut Perspektif Psikospiritual Islam (The Approach of Gratitude Therapy in Managing Emotional Stress of Single Mothers from The Perspective of Islamic Psychospirituality)

Khairah Ismail — 2025-11-30

Tekanan emosi merupakan antara isu kesihatan mental yang kian meningkat, termasuk dalam kalangan ibu tunggal yang sering berdepan dengan cabaran seperti kekangan kewangan, stigma sosial dan beban pengurusan anak secara bersendirian. Pendekatan terapi syukur menurut perspektif psikospiritual Islam menawarkan penyelesaian holistik dengan mengintegrasikan dimensi spiritual dan psikologi dalam mengurus tekanan emosi tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti komponen terapi syukur, mekanisme pengurusannya, serta mencadangkan modul intervensi berasaskan Islam khusus bagi golongan ibu tunggal. Dari segi metodologi, kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kualitatif melalui analisis kandungan terhadap sumber primer seperti al-Quran, al-Hadis, serta karya tokoh sarjana Muslim terdahulu. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terapi syukur berfungsi sebagai elemen spiritual yang membawa kepada ketenangan jiwa, penerimaan terhadap takdir, dan pengukuhan hubungan dengan Allah, sekali gus meningkatkan daya tahan emosi dan spiritual. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini mencadangkan agar terapi syukur diintegrasikan ke dalam program sokongan psikososial berteraskan Islam bagi memperkasakan kesejahteraan ibu tunggal secara menyeluruh dan holistik.

Abstract: Emotional stress is an increasingly prevalent mental health issue, including among single mothers who frequently face challenges such as financial constraints, social stigma and the burden of raising children alone. The gratitude therapy approach, grounded in the Islamic psychospiritual perspective offers a holistic solution by integrating spiritual and psychological dimensions to manage emotional stress. This study aims to identify the components of gratitude therapy, the management mechanisms and propose an Islamic-based intervention module for single mothers. This study employs a metode of qualitative design through content analysis of primary sources including the Quran, Hadis and works of previous Muslim scholars. The findings indicate that gratitude therapy serves as a spiritual element that fosters inner peace, acceptance of divine decree and a strengthened relationship with Allah, thereby enhancing emotional and spiritual resilience. Conclusion, the study recommends the integration of gratitude therapy into Islamic-based psychosocial support programs to holistically empower the well-being of single mothers.

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Digital Platforms and Promotion of Ethnic Chauvinism: Implication for Social Cohesion and Online Discourse

Nureni Aremu Bakenne — 2025-11-30

In multi-ethnic societies, sentiments cannot be overruled as ideas and issues are perceived and interpreted based on ethnic opinions and positions of the people. This study seeks to unravel the usage of social media in bantering and bullying an ethnic group based on previous events undertaken by some members of that particular group. Some social media users transfer ethnic sentiments to the media space and perceive the outcome of societal occurrences based on the success or failure of actions that one ethnic group had taken in recent times. The study examines how ethnic sentiments influence further engagements in the digital space. Social media comments that ensued as a result of the fallout from the 2023 presidential election where each of Nigeria’s three major ethnic groups presented presidential candidates formed the data for this study. Qualitative content analysis was adopted as the methodology to analyse user-generated content in the study. Thirty-eight online tweets with two hundred and twenty comments on X (formerly Twitter) were purposively selected to unravel ethnic jingoism and banters expressed by users. Uses and Gratifications Theory provides the theoretical grounding for proper analysis of the study. The study reveals that motives, choices and needs shape the interest of media users and consequently determine their devotion for the achievement of intended satisfactions. Issues that threaten national cohesion and peaceful coexistence among social media audience should be strictly avoided by users because they constitute nuisance to the sociological and psychological wellbeing of the audience.

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China-Taiwan Relation During Tsai’s Presidency and Her Efforts in Maintaining Taiwan As Self-Governing Region

Ha Hengyii — 2025-11-30

Tensions between China and Taiwan have escalated, particularly during President Tsai’s tenure. Following World War II, China endured the Chinese Civil War between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Kuomintang (KMT). The KMT’s defeat in 1949 marked the end of the conflict, after which it retreated to Taiwan and became an opponent force to Beijing. Since then, Cross-Strait relations have remained tense. Under President Tsai, the issue has become more apparent as she consistently rejects China’s reunification agenda while strengthening Taiwan’s ties with Southeast Asian countries and the United States (U.S.) in particular. This paper also adopts a qualitative desktop research, relying on secondary data collection method which includes treaties, white papers, policy documents, defense reports, and news articles. This paper is also significance because Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) prioritizes safeguarding Taiwan’s autonomy and democratic values and the Kuomintang (KMT) advocates for closer ties with China. Concurrently, scholarly attention to the contemporary dynamics of Cross-Strait relations remains insufficient. Existing studies often focus on outdated analyses, such as the deficiencies in Taiwan’s 2012 elections, rather than the policies and developments under Tsai Ing-wen’s administration (2016–2024). Therefore, this paper examines China-Taiwan relationship during Tsai’s presidency demonstrates the significance of defending Taiwan’s democracy and maintaining its status quo as an autonomous territory within China.

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Quran Memorisation in Education : A Bibliometric Analysis

Asmaniza Mamat — 2025-11-30

Quran memorisation (hifz) remains a foundational component of Islamic education, historically preserved through oral tradition and now increasingly examined for its educational, cognitive, and spiritual benefits. Despite its significance, the academic discourse on Quran memorisation remains fragmented, with limited bibliometric studies mapping its scholarly development. This study addresses this gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis of Scopus-indexed, English-language publications on Quran memorisation between January 2015 and May 2025. Using VOSviewer 1.6.19, the analysis applied full counting with a minimum keyword occurrence threshold of 5. A total of 104 peer-reviewed journal articles met the inclusion criteria (as of May 2025) after systematic filtering. The analysis examined publication trends, document types, source distribution, authorship patterns, country and institutional contributions, and keyword co-occurrence networks. Results indicate a steady rise in research output, with the highest number of publica-tions recorded in 2024. Southeast Asian countries, particularly Malaysia and Indonesia, emerged as domi-nant contributors, supported by institutions such as IIUM and USIM. Most documents were journal arti-cles, with limited review studies, suggesting a need for theoretical consolidation. Authorship patterns re-vealed moderate collaboration, while keyword mapping identified “students” and “e-learning” as central themes, reflecting the increasing integration of digital technology in Quranic education. This analysis highlights both the growth and the structural limitations of the field. To advance the scholarship on Quran memorisation, future research should prioritise systematic reviews, cross-regional collaboration, and in-terdisciplinary approaches that bridge pedagogy, cognitive science, and Islamic studies.

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Faktor Penggunaan Media Sosial Dalam Kalangan Pekebun Kecil Sawit (Factors Influencing Social Media Use Among Small Palm Oil Farmers)

Nurul Ardini Mohd Jaafar — 2025-11-30

Media sosial merupakan platform untuk penyebaran pengetahuan dan komunikasi dalam semua bidang termasuklah industri sawit. Namun, penggunaan media sosial bagi pengurusan kebun sawit masih rendah dalam kalangan pekebun kecil. Justeru, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan media sosial di kalangan pekebun kecil. Bagi tujuan tersebut, temubual dilakukan bersama kumpulan pekebun kecil yang menguruskan sendiri ladang sawit dan pekebun kecil yang berada di bawah pengurusan Felda. Data daripada temubual dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan perisian Nvivo. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan maklumat berkaitan sawit daripada media sosial dapat menjimatkan kos, meningkatkan hasil serta menambah produktiviti. Malah, maklumat pengeluaran produk lain daripada media sosial juga digunakan oleh pekebun kecil bagi menjana pendapatan sampingan. Media sosial juga dapat membantu pekebun kecil menyelesaikan sebarang masalah tentang pengurusan kebun sawit. Namun yang penting, media sosial juga dilihat meningkatkan kesetiaan pelanggan, membolehkan pekebun mendapat maklum balas daripada pelanggan serta menggalakkan pekebun melakukan inovasi. Ini dapat menjamin perkembangan industri sawit yang mapan. Justeru, kesedaran pekebun kecil berkaitan penggunaan media sosial dalam pengurusan kebun sawit perlu dipertingkatkan terutama menerusi dasar yang dibuat oleh kerajaan dan badan bukan kerajaan. Ini penting untuk menggalakkan penggunaan media sosial ke arah menambah pengeluaran dan pendapatan dalam industri sawit terutama dalam kalangan pekebun kecil.

Abstract: Social media is a platform for the dissemination of knowledge and communication in all fields, including the palm oil industry. However, the use of social media for managing oil palm plantations is still low among smallholders. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the factors influencing the use of social media among smallholders. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with a group of smallholders who manage their own oil palm plantations and smallholders who are under Felda management. Data from the interviews were analysed qualitatively using Nvivo software. The study findings show that information related to oil palm from social media can save costs, increase yields, and improve productivity. In fact, information on the production of other products from social media is also used by smallholders to generate additional income. Social media can also help smallholders solve any problems they have regarding palm oil plantation management. However, importantly, social media is also seen as increasing customer loyalty, allowing farmers to receive feedback from customers, and encouraging farmers to innovate. This can ensure the sustainable development of the palm oil industry. Therefore, awareness among smallholders regarding the use of social media in managing oil palm plantations needs to be increased, especially through policies made by the government and non-governmental organisations. This is important for encouraging the use of social media towards increasing production and income in the palm oil industry, especially among smallholders.

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The Elderly's Self-Presentation on Social Media: An Examination of How it Influences Subjective Well-Being

Sicong Shen — 2025-11-30

The widespread adoption of social media has created new avenues for self-presentation. Advances in digital technology and the widespread adoption of smartphones have significantly increased the convenience of online social interaction. With the aging of China's population, an increasing number of the elderly are using social media platforms to enhance their social engagement and well-being. A widely accepted study by Korean scholars Kim and Lee on the relationship between online self-presentation and subjective well-being primarily examined the impact of positive and honest self-presentation, number of friends, and perceived social support on the subjective well-being of American college students. Based on the existing literature, this paper examines whether the original influencing factors have a positive impact on subjective well-being from different target groups and social media platforms. This study used this as a framework to examine whether these factors also apply to older users. Furthermore, positive self-presentation indirectly influenced well-being through perceived social support, with perceived social support serving as a mediator of this relationship. Honest self-presentation reflects authentic needs and promotes inner coherence, while a larger social network provides social capital and support, further enhancing well-being. These insights contribute to understanding how digital self-presentation strategies support healthy aging and offer practical implications for designing social media features tailored to the health needs of older users.

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Games of Aging: A Literature Review on Traditional Tabletop Games as a Site of Physical Maintenance, Mental Vitality and Social Continuity

Lu Lu Feng — 2025-11-30

This study systematically examines the potential of traditional tabletop games as a low-cost, non-invasive psychosocial intervention to promote active and healthy aging. Against the backdrop of global population aging, older adults increasingly face challenges such as cognitive decline, social isolation and reduced physical mobility. While existing research acknowledges the value of tabletop games, it often focuses on isolated outcomes and suffers from methodological limitations-including non-standardized measurement tools, small sample sizes and short intervention durations-which restrict comprehensive conclusions. To address these gaps, this review adopts an interdisciplinary approach, integrating evidence from gerontology, cognitive psychology, public health and game studies. We propose a conceptual model that links specific game mechanics to health-promoting behaviours and aging-related outcomes, framing tabletop gaming not merely as leisure but as a culturally embedded practice with psychosocial benefits. Findings indicate that regular engagement with such games can enhance fine motor skills and hand and eye coordination, slow the progression of cognitive decline, particularly in memory and executive functions and strengthen social connections, thereby reducing feelings of loneliness. The study concludes that traditional tabletop games represent a highly accessible, enjoyable and scalable intervention that can effectively complement formal health and social services. They offer a practical, sustainable strategy to mitigate complex aging-related challenges, especially in resource-limited settings and community-based care environments.

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Financial Involvement of Ethnic Youth in Malaysia towards Increasing Human Capital

Nurdini A Rahman — 2025-11-30

Youth are the catalyst for national development. The rise and fall of a country depends on quality youth in leading the country and is a determinant of the direction of national development and progress. This study aims to identify aspects of the level of financial involvement and quality of human capital among youth in Malaysia. This study was conducted as a survey using a questionnaire instrument involving 847 youth of various ethnicities, namely Malays, Chinese and Indians, in Peninsular Malaysia. The sample was selected according to geographical zones (north, south, central and east) in a stratified and simple random manner. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 software to produce descriptive statistical analysis. The study found that the level of financial involvement of ethnic youth was at a moderately high level, while the level of human capital quality in terms of personal financial stability was moderately high. This finding highlights that ethnic youth generally demonstrate a fairly strong level of financial involvement and stability, suggesting that while they possess a good foundation in managing personal finances, there is still room for improvement to reach a high or optimal level of financial capability. Therefore, this study shows the need to increase involvement in economic activities to increase income, which can have a positive impact on individuals' ability to manage urban life more effectively.

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Penilaian Kualiti Perkhidmatan dan Kepuasan Pengadu dalam Penguatkuasaan Undang-undang Lalu Lintas: Kajian Kes di Kajang, Selangor (Assessing Service Quality and Complainant Satisfaction in Traffic Law Enforcement: A Case Study of Kajang, Selangor)

Noordeyana Tambi — 2025-11-30

Tanggungjawab memastikan keselamatan dan ketenteraman awam memerlukan Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) menjalinkan hubungan yang kukuh dengan masyarakat, membolehkan penyampaian perkhidmatan berkesan yang memenuhi harapan rakyat. Antara perkhidmatan awam penting yang disediakan oleh PDRM ialah kaunter pertanyaan di balai polis, termasuk jabatan polis trafik, yang berfungsi sebagai titik hubungan kritikal antara orang ramai dan penguatkuasa undang-undang. Kualiti perkhidmatan di kaunter ini secara signifikan membentuk imej dan kepercayaan orang ramai terhadap organisasi. Maka, isu kajian yang ini adalah berkaitan kualiti perkhidmatan di kaunter pejabat pertanyaan di balai polis, khususnya balai polis trafik, yang berpotensi menjejaskan imej Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) serta kepuasan masyarakat dalam mendapatkan bantuan dan menyelesaikan urusan keselamatan dan ketenteraman rakyat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kepuasan pengadu dalam melaporkan kemalangan jalan raya dengan mengadaptasi model SERVQUAL. Pendekatan kuantitatif telah digunakan menggunakan soal selidik berstruktur, dengan maklum balas daripada 380 individu yang membuat laporan kemalangan jalan raya di Bahagian Siasatan Penguatkuasaan Trafik Daerah (BSPTD) Kajang. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensi. Oleh itu, dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap kepuasan yang tinggi dalam kalangan pengadu terhadap kualiti perkhidmatan yang diberikan, dan hubungan positif yang signifikan didapati antara dimensi kualiti perkhidmatan dan kepuasan pengadu. Kesimpulannya, kepuasan pengadu sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualiti perkhidmatan barisan hadapan yang disampaikan oleh pegawai polis dan anggota pentadbiran. Kajian itu mencadangkan bahawa penambahbaikan berterusan dalam penyampaian perkhidmatan di BSPTD Kajang dapat meningkatkan lagi kepercayaan orang ramai dan kualiti keseluruhan hubungan polis-masyarakat. Wawasan ini penting untuk membimbing penambahbaikan strategik dalam penyampaian perkhidmatan awam PDRM.

Abstract: The responsibility of ensuring public safety and order requires the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) to establish strong relationships with the community, enabling effective service delivery that meets citizens' expectations. Among the essential public-facing services provided by PDRM is the inquiry counter at police stations, including traffic police departments, which serve as critical points of contact between the public and law enforcement. The quality of service at these counters significantly shapes the public image and trust in the organization. Therefore, the research issue concerns the quality of service at the inquiry counters in police stations, particularly the traffic police stations, which has the potential to affect the image of the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) as well as the public’s satisfaction in receiving assistance and resolving matters related to public safety and security. This study aims to assess complainant satisfaction in reporting road accidents by adapting the SERVQUAL model. A quantitative approach was employed using a structured questionnaire, with responses from 380 individuals who lodged traffic accident reports at Kajang District Traffic Enforcement Investigation Division (BSPTD). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicate a high level of satisfaction among complainants with the service quality provided, and a significant positive relationship was found between service quality dimensions and complainant satisfaction. In conclusion, complainant satisfaction is strongly influenced by the quality of frontline services delivered by police officers and administrative personnel. The study suggests that continuous improvements in service delivery at Kajang BSPTD could further enhance public trust and the overall quality of police-community relations. These insights are crucial for guiding strategic improvements in PDRM's public service delivery.

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Systematic Literature Review on the Influence of Social Media on Women’s Consumption in China

Caiwei Zang — 2025-11-30

The rapid advancement of digital technology has facilitated the convergence of commerce and social media, transforming patterns of consumer behaviour worldwide. In China, this transformation has given rise to the so-called “Her economy,” reflecting women’s growing purchasing power and influence in shaping market trends. This study systematically reviews the literature on the influence of social media on women’s consumption by applying the PRISMA framework to identify, screen, and select relevant studies. A total of 43 articles published between 2020 and 2025 were examined through thematic analysis to synthesise key findings. The review shows that social media provides women with new spaces for self-expression, product evaluation, and more informed decision-making, thereby contributing to consumer empowerment. At the same time, however, women remain subject to gendered marketing strategies that risk reinforcing stereotypes and alienating their diverse needs and desires. Findings further indicate that the dynamics of women’s consumption in China are shaped by the interplay between digital platforms, consumer agency, and commercial practices, which reflects both empowerment and constraint. Despite these insights, current studies display limited engagement with post-feminist perspectives that could illuminate how gender norms continue to influence digital consumption. Methodologically, most research relies heavily on self-reported data, overlooking digital traces that capture consumers’ immediate responses to social media content. Future studies should therefore integrate survey methods with digital content analysis to provide a more comprehensive understanding of women’s consumption patterns in the digital era.

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The Impact of Online Advertising Exposure on Buying Decisions in Facebook Marketplace among Postgraduate Students: A Case Study of UiTM’s Mass Communication Students

Mohd Shahnawi Haji Muhmad Pirus — 2025-11-30

Online advertising is becoming more important in marketing due to platforms like Facebook Marketplace that facilitate interaction between businesses and customers. Focusing on postgraduate Mass Communication students at Malaysia's Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), this study contributes significant theoretical and practical insights of online advertising on the tendency of customers to make purchases. This study investigates how online advertising may impact the purchase behavior of these students at a time when social media plays an increasingly important role in product discovery and transactions. The study used a quantitative technique and surveyed 170 postgraduate students from UiTM's Shah Alam campus. Ad recall, and attitudes toward online advertisements are important elements affecting purchase decisions. The results show that these parameters are positively correlated with purchase intentions, which means that students' interaction with Facebook Marketplace advertisements greatly influences their purchasing choices. Considering these results, companies and marketers should tailor their online advertising campaigns to appeal to the tastes and habits of tech-savvy youth. Furthermore, Facebook Marketplace can improve its platform to meet the increasing demand for online buying. By zeroing in on a particular audience and medium, our study adds to what is already known and contributes significant theoretical and practical insights on how digital advertising is changing. The study also contributes to theoretical understanding by confirming the AIDA model's relevance in modern digital advertising ecosystems.

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Representation of the Citizen-initiated White Flag movement in Malaysian newspapers

Su-Hie Ting — 2025-11-30

This study analysed Malaysian English and Malay newspaper coverage of the citizen-led White Flag (WF) movement using the Discourse Historical Approach. The movement involved people in need hanging a white cloth to request community aid. Analysis of 87 articles in 10 newspapers published in June–July 2021 showed that Malays were most frequently portrayed as needing help, followed by Chinese, Indians, Indigenous people and foreigners. Malay newspapers tended to depict more female recipients and male helpers compared to English newspapers. Across all newspapers, aid was mostly attributed to politicians, government agencies and individuals, and recipients were commonly framed as grateful but distressed rather than exploitative. Most articles legitimised WF as a timely citizen response, while a few highlighted abuse of aid. Minor counter-arguments questioned faith, government capability or personal resilience. Helper perspectives dominated over the voices of those in need. Newspapers used direct speech to personalise suffering and indirect speech to generalise collective responsibility. Modal verbs expressing mitigation and intensification appeared in almost equal measure, with Malay articles stressing duty while English reports conveyed contingency. The findings show how newspapers framed need, aid and responsibility through ethnic, gendered and moral lenses.

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The Roots of Islamophobia: Christian Polemical Texts and the Formation of Fear

Tarek Mohamed Hussein — 2025-11-30

This paper explores the historical origins of Islamophobia by examining Christian polemical and apologetic texts produced between the 7th and 14th centuries. While the definition and contemporary application of Islamophobia remain debated in modern scholarship, this study contends that its conceptual and discursive roots can be traced to early Christian reactions to the rise and expansion of Islam. In response to the rapid Muslim conquest of traditionally Christian territories, Christian authors articulated a persistent image of Islam as a religious and civilizational threat. Through theological denunciation, cultural anxiety, and rhetorical hostility, these texts constructed Islam as the archetypal “Other.” Employing a comparative textual analysis, the study analyses central themes such as the denial of Islam’s legitimacy, the vilification of the Prophet Muhammad, accusations of idolatry, and depictions of Muslims as inherently violent or irrational. These representations functioned not only as theological critiques but also as cultural strategies of resistance, particularly in frontier regions such as 9th-century Al-Andalus, where Muslim dominance challenged Christian identity and authority. By situating medieval Christian discourses within a longue durée framework, the paper demonstrates how these early portrayals established narrative patterns that persist in contemporary forms of anti-Muslim sentiment. Drawing on key primary sources and interdisciplinary secondary literature, the study reveals the deep historical continuities that inform modern Islamophobia, underscoring its embeddedness in Western intellectual and cultural traditions.

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Konvensyen Perlindungan Fizikal Bahan Nuklear (CPPNM) dan Pindaan (CPPNM/A): Di Manakah Malaysia? (Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) and its Amendment (CPPNM /A): Where does Malaysia Stand?)

Aida Safura Niza Othman — 2025-11-30

Malaysia telah menunjukkan usaha ke arah meratifikasi Konvensyen Perlindungan Fizikal Bahan Nuklear (CPPNM) dan Pindaan 2005 (CPPNM/A), termasuk semasa penyertaannya dalam Sidang Kemuncak Keselamatan Nuklear 2010–2016, serta meluluskan Rang Undang-Undang Perlesenan Tenaga Atom (Pindaan) 2025. Rang Undang-Undang Perlesenan Tenaga Atom (Pindaan) 2025 ini memodenkan Akta 304 dan mewujudkan asas perundangan bagi Malaysia untuk menyertai CPPNM dan pindaannya. Namun begitu, sehingga kini Malaysia masih belum konvensyen tersebut. Kajian terdahulu lebih banyak menumpukan kepada tren serantau dalam pelaksanaan dan ratifikasi CPPNM dan CPPNM/A. Artikel ini menyumbang kepada wacana sedia ada dalam dua cara yang signifikan. Pertama, ia mengaplikasikan pendekatan berfokus dengan meneliti Malaysia secara khusus, termasuk cabaran undang-undang, institusi dan dasar yang menghalang proses ratifikasinya. Kedua,dengan mengambil iktibar daripada pengalaman negara-negara lain yang telah berjaya meratifikasi Konvensyen ini, kajian ini mengemukakan cadangan dasar yang bersasar bagi mengatasi halangan dalam negeri serta mempercepatkan usaha Malaysia ke arah ratifikasi. Antara langkah konkrit yang boleh diambil termasuklah mendapatkan komitmen politik pada peringkat tertinggi, memastikan terdapat penyelarasan yang efektif dan padu antara agensi berkepentingan dan perlaksanaan penilaian objektif antara jurang yang masih wujud antara undang-undang sedia ada dan peraturan konvensyen, serta pelaksanaan undang-undang secara berperingkat. Seterusnya, libat urus yang bermakna dengan pihak berkepentingan, termasuklah dengan pihak bukan kerajaan serta komunikasi awam adalah penting untuk mendapatkan ‘buy-in’ menyeluruh bagi kejayaan proses tersebut. Tambahan lagi, Malaysia perlu terus bergiat dalam program serantau seperti program semakan rakan setara, latihan dan pembangunan keupayaan serantau.

Abstract: Malaysia has taken steps toward ratifying the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (CPPNM) and its 2005 Amendment (CPPNM/A), including through its participation in the 2010–2016 Nuclear Security Summits and the passage of the Atomic Energy Licensing (Amendment) Bill 2025. This Bill modernises Act 304 and establishes the legal basis for Malaysia to accede to the CPPNM and its amendment. However, Malaysia has yet to ratify the convention. Prior studies have largely focused on regional trends in the implementation and ratification of the CPPNM and CPPNM/A. This article contributes to the existing discourse in two significant ways. First, it adopts a focused approach by examining Malaysia specifically, including the legal, institutional, and policy challenges that hinder its ratification process. Second, drawing lessons from countries that have successfully ratified the Convention, the study proposes targeted policy recommendations to overcome domestic obstacles and accelerate Malaysia’s path to ratification. Concrete measures include securing political commitment at the highest level; ensuring effective, cohesive inter-agency coordination; conducting an objective assessment of gaps between current legislation and the Convention’s requirements; and implementing legal measures in phases. In addition, meaningful stakeholder engagement, including with non-governmental actors, as well as public communication, is essential to build broad-based buy-in for the process. Finally, Malaysia should continue to participate actively in regional programmes such as peer reviews, training, and capacity-building initiatives.

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Hubungan Antara Amalan Pengurusan Keperluan Murid dengan Kemenjadian Murid Orang Asli (The Relationship Between the Practice of Managing Students Needs and the Outcomes of Orang Asli Students)

Yusoff Yahaya — 2025-11-30

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneliti permasalahan berkaitan amalan pengurusan keperluan murid dalam kalangan guru besar sekolah rendah di penempatan Orang Asli yang masih kurang diberi perhatian dalam literatur pendidikan arus perdana. Dalam konteks pendidikan komuniti marginal, keperluan murid perlu diurus secara holistik oleh pemimpin sekolah agar potensi murid dapat berkembang dari aspek akademik, sahsiah dan kokurikulum. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan antara amalan pengurusan keperluan murid oleh guru besar dengan tahap kemenjadian murid Orang Asli. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian korelasi yang melibatkan seramai 342 orang guru dari sekolah rendah penempatan Orang Asli di Semenanjung Malaysia. Instrumen kajian berupa soal selidik yang dibina berasaskan teori Hierarki Keperluan Maslow dan kerangka kemenjadian murid SKPM Kualiti@Sekolah. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensi, termasuk analisis korelasi Pearson bagi menilai kekuatan hubungan antara pemboleh ubah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tahap amalan pengurusan keperluan murid adalah tinggi, manakala tahap kemenjadian murid juga berada pada tahap yang memuaskan dalam dimensi akademik, sahsiah, dan kokurikulum. Analisis korelasi mendapati wujud hubungan positif yang signifikan antara pengurusan keperluan murid dan kemenjadian murid. Implikasi kajian menegaskan bahawa guru besar yang responsif terhadap keperluan murid mampu meningkatkan potensi murid secara menyeluruh. Justeru, latihan kepimpinan sekolah disaran menitikberatkan pengurusan keperluan murid khususnya di sekolah berkomuniti terpinggir. Kajian ini seterusnya menyumbang kepada dasar pendidikan yang berfokuskan kepimpinan instruksional yang inklusif, peka budaya dan berpusatkan murid. budaya.

Abstract: This This study was conducted to address the issue of student needs management practices among headmasters in Orang Asli primary schools, an area that has received limited attention in mainstream educational literature. Within the context of marginalised communities, student needs must be managed holistically by school leaders to ensure that students’ potential is fully developed across academic, personal, and co-curricular domains. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the relationship between headmasters’ management of student needs and the overall student outcomes in Orang Asli schools. The study employed a quantitative correlational design involving 342 teachers from primary schools located in Orang Asli settlements across Peninsular Malaysia. The research instrument was a questionnaire developed based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and the SKPM Kualiti@Sekolah framework of student outcomes. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation to measure the strength of relationships between variables. The findings revealed that the level of student needs management practices was high, while student outcomes were also recorded at satisfactory levels across academic, personal, and co-curricular dimensions. Pearson correlation analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between student needs management and student outcomes. The implications highlight that headmasters who are responsive to students’ needs can enhance students’ holistic development. Therefore, school leadership training is recommended to prioritise student needs management, especially in marginalised community schools. This study contributes to educational policy by reinforcing inclusive, culturally sensitive, and student-centred instructional leadership practices.

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Keretakan Komunikasi dan Implikasinya terhadap Pembubaran Perkahwinan Pasangan Muslim (Communication Breakdown and Its Implications for the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages)

Dayang Sakini Mohd Kadri — 2025-11-30

Komunikasi merupakan asas penting dalam pembinaan dan kelangsungan institusi perkahwinan. Hubungan yang harmoni terbentuk apabila pasangan mampu meluahkan perasaan, memahami antara satu sama lain serta menyelesaikan konflik secara matang. Namun, laporan terkini menunjukkan kegagalan komunikasi menjadi faktor utama keretakan rumah tangga, khususnya dalam kalangan pasangan muda. Artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti pola komunikasi yang menyumbang kepada pembubaran perkahwinan berdasarkan pandangan lapan orang pakar dalam bidang kekeluargaan Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui temu bual separa berstruktur dan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik. Informan terdiri daripada kaunselor, pegawai agama, ahli akademik, pengamal undang-undang dan pendakwah yang berpengalaman mengendalikan kes rumah tangga. Dapatan kajian menonjolkan lima bentuk komunikasi destruktif yang berulang dalam hubungan pasangan iaitu pengunduran emosi (stonewalling), sarkasme, keengganan berkomunikasi, kekurangan komunikasi dan gangguan teknologi komunikasi. Corak komunikasi ini bukan sahaja menjarakkan pasangan secara emosi tetapi juga mendorong kepada perceraian secara berperingkat. Kajian ini terhad kepada perspektif pakar, justeru kajian lanjutan boleh mempertimbangkan pengalaman langsung pasangan bermasalah untuk memperluas kefahaman. Implikasi praktikal hasil kajian ini amat penting bagi agensi kerajaan, institusi keluarga Islam dan pembangun modul pra perkahwinan, khususnya dalam merangka strategi pencegahan perceraian yang menekankan pemulihan komunikasi dan sokongan emosi dalam rumah tangga.

Abstract: Communication is a crucial foundation for the establishment and sustainability of marriage. Harmonious relationships are nurtured when spouses are able to express emotions, understand each other, and resolve conflicts with maturity. However, recent reports indicate that communication breakdowns have become a major factor contributing to marital dissolution, particularly among young couples. This study aims to identify destructive communication patterns that lead to relationship breakdown, based on the perspectives of eight experts in Islamic family studies. A qualitative approach was employed through semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed thematically. The informants consisted of counsellors, religious officers, academics, legal practitioners, and preachers with extensive experience in handling marital issues. The findings reveal five recurring destructive patterns: emotional withdrawal (stonewalling), sarcasm, unwillingness to communicate, lack of meaningful interaction, and technoference (interference from communication technology). These patterns not only create emotional distance but also contribute to gradual marital breakdown. The study is limited to expert perspectives; therefore, future research may incorporate the lived experiences of troubled couples to provide a more comprehensive understanding. The practical implications are highly relevant for government agencies, Islamic family institutions, and premarital programme developers, particularly in designing preventive strategies and counselling modules that emphasize communication restoration, emotional support, and marital resilience.

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A Review of Youth Readiness in Smart Farming from A Structural Perspective

Kim Ling Geraldine Chan — 2025-11-30

Youths, in and beyond Malaysia, play a significant role in spurring the expansion of conventional agriculture to smart agriculture. Smart agriculture utilises modern technologies to produce and increase the quality and quantity of agricultural products in farms. Agriculture technology should be able to attract digitally savvy and educated youths, especially university students. However, the youths’ readiness to participate in both agriculture sectors is still a concern, especially from structural and external perspectives beyond the youth’s agency. Hence, key research questions arose: What are the factors influencing youth readiness? How do those factors influence the youths? A structural approach to review qualitatively 158 past studies (between 2015 until 2025) on smart farming or smart agriculture sourced from Web of Science, SCOPUS and Google Scholar is conducted deductively and sociologically. The objective of the review is to identify and analyse structural and external factors. The factors discovered as socio-cultural, institutional, organisational, economic, and smart technology in nature are concerned with availability, accessibility, adequacy and sustainability issues about youth participation in smart agriculture. Specifically, the factors are family background; social and moral support; social networks and social capital; social perceptions of youths as young farmers; youth talent and development strategies; finance and credit facilities; regulatory and policy support; agriculture extension services; and smart agriculture technology and information communication technology. An implication is more research on youth human capital in smart farming and improved design and planning of effective conventional and smart farming policies and programmes for sustainable youth human capital in agriculture, particularly in Malaysia.

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Grit and Career Adaptability in University Students: Resilience as a Mediator

Nindy Amita — 2025-11-30

This study aims to examine the role of agility as an intermediary in the relationship between agility and career suitability among university students. This study used a quantitative approach with insight methods involving 319 university students in Pekanbaru, Indonesia, who were selected through purposive sampling techniques. The instruments used include the Gritness instrument (Grit-S), the Connor-Davidson Gritness instrument (CD-RISC), and the Career Capability instrument (CAAS). Data analysis was carried out using a Structural Equation Model based on Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM). The results of the analysis show that resourcefulness has a significant positive relationship with agility (β = 0.71, t = 20.36, p < .001) and career adaptability (β = 0.51, t = 8.03, p < .001). Conscientiousness also had a direct impact on career adaptability (β = 0.39, t = 6.03, p < .001) and acted as a partial mediator in the relationship between agility and occupational adaptability (β = 0.27, t = 5.38, p < .001. These findings confirm that assertiveness and conciseness are important psychological resources that need to be built through intervention based on the power to increase career preparedness among university students.

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Tahap Etnosentrisme dalam Kalangan Warga Sarawak di Kuching, Sarawak (Level of Ethnocentrism among Sarawakians in Kuching, Sarawak)

Mahazan Muhammad — 2025-11-30

: Perbezaan sejarah, geografi dan tadbir urus pusat–negeri membentuk cara warga Sarawak menilai diri dan pihak luar dalam hubungan etnik Malaysia. Dalam wacana hubungan antara kelompok, etnosentrisme ialah pandangan atau keyakinan bahawa kelompok sendiri lebih baik berbanding kelompok lain. Kecenderungan ini boleh menyokong ikatan sosial dalaman, tetapi berpotensi melebarkan jarak sosial apabila disertai stereotaip dan prejudis tanpa asas. Tujuan kajian ialah mendeskripsikan tahap dan kandungan etnosentrisme warga Kuching di Sarawak serta menafsirnya menggunakan Teori Identiti Sosial (TIS). Kajian ini melibatkan tinjauan soal selidik terhadap 402 responden dengan menggunakan skala Likert enam mata, disertai analisis deskriptif untuk mengenal pasti tahap dan taburan peratusan item. Ambang kategori rendah, sederhana dan tinggi ditetapkan melalui pembahagian selang sama lebar bagi likert 1-6 untuk memudahkan interpretasi deskriptif. Ujian kebolehpercayaan menunjukkan nilai alfa cronbach (α) melebihi nilai ambang 0.70. Hasil menunjukkan min etnosentrisme 4.84 dengan sisihan piawai 0.89, manakala 72.1 peratus responden berada pada kategori tinggi. Item berasaskan nilai bersama seperti hidup harmoni merentas etnik, saling hormat dan kebanggaan terhadap bahasa serta warisan muncul paling kuat. Penanda perbandingan tegas seperti slogan dan keutamaan simbolik pula sederhana serta lebih terpolarisasi. Perbincangan mengesahkan jangkaan TIS bahawa harga diri sosial lazimnya dizahirkan melalui penonjolan kelebihan kumpulan sendiri tanpa memusuhi pihak luar apabila norma bersama jelas. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menyaran intervensi yang menumpukan pengukuhan nilai bersama dan pembinaan ruang interaksi berstatus setara, bermatlamat bersama, berlandaskan kerjasama serta disokong institusi untuk memperkukuh hubungan antara kelompok yang inklusif.

Abstract: Historical, geographical, and federal–state governance differences shape how Sarawakians evaluate themselves and others within Malaysia’s interethnic relations. In the discourse on intergroup relations, ethnocentrism refers to the view or belief that one’s own group is superior to other groups. This tendency can strengthen internal social bonds but may widen social distance when accompanied by unfounded stereotypes and prejudice. The aim of this study is to describe the level and content of ethnocentrism among Sarawakians in Kuching and to interpret it using Social Identity Theory (SIT). The method involved a survey of 402 respondents using a six-point Likert scale, together with descriptive analysis and item profiling to identify patterns of meaning. The results show a mean ethnocentrism score of 4.84 with a standard deviation of 0.89, while 72.1 percent of respondents fall within the high category. Items anchored in shared values, such as living harmoniously across ethnic lines, mutual respect, and pride in language and heritage, emerge as the strongest. Clear comparative markers, such as slogans and symbolic preferences, are moderate and more polarized. The discussion confirms SIT’s expectation that social self-esteem is typically expressed through affirming in-group advantages without hostility toward outsiders when common norms are salient. In conclusion, the study recommends interventions that prioritise the strengthening of shared values and the creation of interactional spaces with equal status, common goals, cooperation, and institutional support in order to foster inclusive intergroup relations.

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Spiritual Transformation under Family Strain: The African American Muslim Revert’s Journey in Umm Zakiyyah’s A Voice

Hassan Majid Ahmed — 2025-11-30

This study performs a rigorous analytical reading of Umm Zakiyyah’s A Voice via the Qur’ānic ethical framework incorporating tawḥīd–istiqāmah (oneness and steadfastness), sabr–tawakkul (patience and trust), jihād al-nafs–tazkiyah (inner striving and purification), and birr al-wālidayn–ibtilāʾ (filial piety during trials), with the aim of examining the novel’s African American Muslim revert character’s transformation whilst navigating strong maternal opposition. The analysis demonstrates the novel’s form in performing its ethics: internal monologues elucidating theology; calibrated dialogues and strategic silences enacting speech ethics; pacing and repetitions modelling patience and trust; and recurrent threshold, sound, and touch motifs translating filial duty into personified care. It is revealed that ethical heroism is embodied by domestic spaces such as the kitchen, doorways, phone line, and hospital ward; speech restraint represents moral agency, clearly distinct from tenderness; and the four clusters are interdependent on one another, with virtue under trial being anchored by tawḥīd, sustained by sabr–tawakkul, refined by jihād al-nafs, and concretized by birr. Positioned within the African American reversion narrative, A Voice puts the spotlight on the female protagonist and the intimate labour of belief. The study provides a Qur’ānic ethical framework replicable for literary criticism, emphasizing craft while shedding light on theological issues. The notion of “steadfast tenderness” can be used to guide Muslim minority communities, mentor reverts, and lead interfaith family interactions.

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Psychological and Economic Factors in Relation to Poor Dietary Habits among Malaysian B40 Youths

Nurul Miza Mohd Rashid — 2025-11-30

One of the main concerns related to health for Malaysians is the widespread poor dietary habits. The underlying reasons could be attributed to economic and psychological factors. Based on past literature, it is found that low income, loneliness and distress could potentially collectively contribute to poor dietary choices. The present research aims to examine the potential associations between economic and psychological factors with poor dietary habits among B40 youths in Malaysia. The research successfully recruited 397 B40 Malaysian youths aged between 21 and 39 years to complete a cross-sectional survey. The results from mediation analysis confirmed our initial prediction, which is that higher income could lower chances of the consumption of unhealthy foods (B = −0.05, p = .03), but psychological insecurities, such as distress (B = 0.01, p = .02) and loneliness (B = 0.01, p = .03), would cause an opposing outcome. The findings of this research further contribute to the current understanding and common conception that the limitations of healthy diets among low-income groups may result from economic constraints and psychological limitations. However, the effect sizes are almost negligible, and the mediation analysis revealed that there are no significant interaction effects between income with psychological distress (B = −0.00, p = .54) and loneliness (B = −0.00, p = .0.98). It is recommended that future research explore the connection between income and psychological factors that precede poor dietary habits, utilising different measures and recruiting a larger sample to confirm the present research's findings.

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The Impacts of Oil Palm Cultivation Towards Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Literature Review

Sarah Liung Huei Yi — 2025-11-30

The palm oil industry plays a vital role in global economies but simultaneously raises pressing concerns regarding sustainability due to its environmental impacts. This systematic literature review examines the consequences of palm oil cultivation, particularly deforestation, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The review employed a systematic literature review approach adhering to PRISMA guidelines, searching two major databases (Scopus and Web of Science) using a single-line search string that included keywords like "Oil Palm," "Environmental Sustainability," and "Deforestation". Out of 75 initial records from various sources, 49 studies were ultimately included in the review. The rapid growth of oil palm plantations causes deforestation, disrupts ecosystems, increases carbon emissions, and leads to severe biodiversity loss, threatening ecological balance and placing numerous plant and animal species at risk Industrial activities cause pollution through chemical waste, worsening environmental damage. Sustainability initiatives like the RSPO promote responsible palm oil production that balances economic growth with conservation. However, socio-economic challenges including labor shortages, land disputes, and resource conflicts continue to hinder fair development and the achievement of sustainable and equitable palm oil practices. The meaningful participation of local communities in sustainable practices is also vital in ensuring long-term benefits and social inclusivity. Overall, the findings emphasize the urgency of collective responsibility and collaborative action among governments, industries, and civil society to mitigate the negative consequences of palm oil cultivation. Strengthening stakeholder cooperation is critical to safeguarding biodiversity, addressing environmental degradation, and ensuring that economic benefits are achieved without undermining global sustainability goals.

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The Role of Government Support in Developing Startup Ecosystems: A Case Study of Yogyakarta and Surakarta, Indonesia

Azinuddin Ikram Hakim — 2025-11-30

Technology startups in Indonesia have experienced rapid growth in recent years, reflecting a broader global trend in which startups have become central drivers of innovation and economic development. This study explores the critical role of government support in shaping and developing startup ecosystems, focusing on two emerging innovation hubs in Indonesia: Yogyakarta and Surakarta. Drawing from qualitative data, including interviews, field observations, and document analysis, the research examines how government initiatives, public policies, and multi-stakeholder collaboration contribute to the growth of local startups and creative enterprises. The study highlights key strategies such as government support, incubation programs, and infrastructure development that foster a supportive environment for entrepreneurial activity, based on the frameworks of governance and institutional theory. The findings indicate that while government involvement is essential, sustainable ecosystem development requires synergistic partnerships among government, universities, the private sector, and civil society, reflecting the principles of the Triple Helix model. This paper contributes to the broader discourse on innovation governance and offers policy insights relevant to other developing regions seeking to strengthen their startup ecosystems.

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A Quantitative Analysis of Factors Affecting RMB Internationalisation in Southeast Asia

Jun Li — 2025-11-30

As the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party Report calls for promoting RMB internationalisation in an orderly manner, it has to confront significant geopolitical and geoeconomic risks. Given its strategic ties, ASEAN serves as a key region for RMB internationalisation. Existing studies mainly focus on currency linkages and clearing infrastructure, while comprehensive quantitative research on the determinants of RMB internationalisation in Southeast Asian countries remains limited. To address this gap, this study constructs the ASEAN RMB Internationalisation Index (ARII) to examine factors influencing its progress from 2011 to 2023. The research findings reveal that China’s exports to ASEAN countries did not contribute to RMB internationalisation, as a substantial share of trade transactions continues to be settled in U.S. dollars. By contrast, ASEAN’s portfolio investment, equity positions, and debt instruments in China have significantly facilitated RMB internationalisation through deeper financial integration. Moreover, the process of RMB internationalisation within ASEAN displays a pronounced path dependence, reflecting the cumulative effects of prior RMB usage and institutional expansion. The findings highlight China’s effort to balance financial control, currency policy, and capital market liberalisation while maintaining domestic stability and expanding international influence, shaping a distinctive state-guided pathway of RMB internationalisation. Policy implications suggest that sustained cooperation with regional financial centres particularly Singapore the deepening of settlement infrastructure, cautious enhancement of RMB asset liquidity, and continued engagement and interoperability with the U.S. dollar system are crucial to advancing the RMB’s international role in Southeast Asia and forging a pathway of internationalisation.

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Tekanan Kerja dan Kualiti Hidup dalam Kalangan Petugas Kesihatan (Work Stress and Quality of Life among Healthcare Workers)

Ain Fairuzah Aimie Shamsuddin — 2025-11-30

Petugas kesihatan yang terdiri daripada doktor, jururawat dan pembantu kesihatan seringkali berdepan dengan keadaan kerja yang tidak menentu. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara tahap kekerapan dan kekuatan tekanan kerja terhadap kualiti kehidupan dalam kalangan anggota kesihatan. Kajian ini telah dilakukan di Pusat Perubatan Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Untuk memenuhi keperluan kajian, kaedah kajian rentas dilakukan terhadap 163 anggota kesihatan yang bertugas di hospital tersebut. Instrumen kajian terdiri daripada tiga bahagian; Bahagian A berkaitan demografi peserta, Bahagian B pula Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) dan, Bahagian C iaitu Skala Kualiti Hidup (WHOQOL-100@BREF). Kaedah analisis statistik SPSS Versi 25 digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh. Data analisis dimulakan dengan ujian normaliti, analisis korelasi dan Ujian t, Ujian Levene. Hasil kajian mendapati 163 anggota kesihatan telah melengkapkan soal selidik dengan keputusan menunjukkan 64 responden (39.3%) adalah Jururawat, Pembantu Kesihatan Perubatan 42 (25.8%), Penolong Pegawai Perubatan 20 (12.3%), Pegawai Perubatan 19 (11.7%) dan yang lain adalah 18 (11%). Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa tekanan kerja mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualiti hidup anggota kesihatan (p<0.01). Kajian ini menunjukkan tekanan kerja memberi kesan yang signifikan terhadap kualiti kehidupan anggota kesihatan di PPUIAM. Oleh itu, pihak pengurusan perlu mengambil langkah strategik untuk mengurus dan mengurangkan tekanan kerja bagi meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan produktiviti staf. Program sokongan psikososial serta intervensi pengurusan stres harus diperkasakan. Polisi dan pendekatan pengurusan perlu disesuaikan agar memenuhi keperluan staf untuk memupuk kesejahteraan kerja secara menyeluruh. Kesedaran mengenai hubungan tekanan kerja dan kualiti hidup harus ditingkatkan dengan mempromosikan gaya hidup sihat dan aktiviti sokongan mental.

Abstract: Healthcare workers consisting of doctors, nurses, and health assistants often face uncertain working conditions that leads to work stress. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the frequency and intensity of work-related stress and the quality of life among healthcare members. This study was conducted at the International Islamic University Medical Centre in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. To fulfil the research requirements, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 163 healthcare members working at the hospital. The research instruments consisted of three parts: Part A on the demographics information, Part B; the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Part C on the Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-100@BREF). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 25. Data analysis began with normality tests, correlation analysis, t-tests, and Levene’s Test. The results showed that all 163 healthcare members completed the questionnaire, of which 64 respondents (39.3%) were nurses, 42 (25.8%) medical health assistants, 20 (12.3%) medical assistant officers, 19 (11.7%) medical officers, and 18 (11%) others. The findings indicated that work-related stress has a significant relationship with the quality of life of healthcare members (p < 0.01). This study indicated that work-related stress has a significant effect on the quality of life of healthcare members at IIUM Medical Centre. Therefore, the management needs to take strategic measures to manage and reduce work-related stress to improve staff well-being and productivity. Psychosocial support programs and stress management interventions should be strengthened. Policies and management approaches should be adapted to meet staff needs to foster comprehensive workplace well-being. The employees should be aware of the relationship between work stress and quality of life by promoting healthy lifestyles and mental support activities.

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Crossing the Trust Divide: Building Inclusive Police-Transgender Relations in Punjab, Pakistan

Muhammad Zain ul Abidin — 2025-11-30

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Rainwater Harvesting in Universities: A Systematic Review of Applications and Benefits

Mohd Sharmizi Shaferi — 2025-11-30

Rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) is one of the Best Management Practices (BMP) that provides alternative water resources and has emerged as a sustainable solution to address diverse water management challenges. This study systematically reviews the application of RWHS as an alternative water resource in universities, guided by two objectives: to identify the types of RWHS applied and to discuss their importance in supporting sustainable water management. The review followed five methodological stages: review protocol selection, research question development, systematic database searching (Web of Science and Scopus), quality appraisal, and data extraction and analysis. From 987 initial records, 13 articles were selected, revealing five RWHS types: rooftop, surface runoff, small-scale, wind-driven, and permeable pavement systems. Rooftop RWHS was the most applied and cost-effective, while surface and pavement systems were least implemented but offered dual benefits of runoff reduction and groundwater recharge. The review identifies several research gaps, including the lack of studies on long-term system performance, governance, and integration of RWHS within university sustainability frameworks. RWHS provides environmental benefits through water conservation, flood mitigation, and groundwater recharge, alongside economic advantages such as reduced utility costs and operational savings. Future research should conduct comparative and multi-regional analyses, assess innovative RWHS designs, and evaluate institutional and policy frameworks to strengthen the integration of RWHS into higher education sustainability initiatives.

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Ecotourism Indicators for Sustainable Biodiversity Management in Malaysia

Mohd Hanafy Gausmian — 2025-11-30

This study explores the contribution of ecotourism indicators to the conservation and sustainable management of Malaysia's biodiversity in terms of diverse ecosystems. Models of conservation and community development have extensively promoted ecotourism as a means of conserving and developing the community; however, the success of conservation and community development programs relies on indicators modifiable to local conditions. Based on a critical analysis of the present frameworks, policies, and case studies, this paper will identify and assess the availability of the various environmental and biodiversity indicators currently used in the ecotourism destinations in Malaysia. Special concern is placed on the ability of these indicators to measure ecological health, visitor effects, and involvement of communities. The results demonstrate the necessity of adaptive indicators as well as locally applicable indicators that incorporate ecological, socio-economic, and governance facets. By providing ecotourism parameters, policymakers, communities, and planners by approach the unique conditions can enhancing the decision-making process, improving biodiversity outcomes, and aligning with global sustainability goals. This paper will add to the body of research on ecotourism by highlighting the fact that viable ecotourism in the Global South was a realistic model achievable only by focusing on Malaysia.

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To Close or Sustain? Resilience Strategies of Community-Based Ecotourism Entrepreneurs in Kelantan

Zakiyah Taharim — 2025-11-30

Community-Based Ecotourism (CBE) plays an important role in strengthening local economies by generating income, promoting conservation, and preserving cultural identity. However, many CBE efforts in developing regions such as Kelantan, Malaysia, continue to face economic uncertainty, limited resources, and external disruptions that challenge their long-term sustainability. The study aimed to examine the resilience strategies adopted by CBE entrepreneurs in sustaining their livelihoods and enterprises amidst these challenges. Using a qualitative single case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and document analysis to explore adaptation practices among CBE entrepreneurs. These findings reveal that these entrepreneurs are using digitalization to expand market access, adopt cost control measures to maintain financial stability, and implement environmentally sustainable practices to protect local ecosystems. Their resilience is further supported by strong community cooperation and external assistance from government agencies and non-governmental organizations that provide institutional resources and support. This study contributes to the understanding of resilience in community-based entrepreneurship by highlighting the interaction between social, economic, and institutional factors. These findings provide practical insights to policymakers and development practitioners in designing targeted interventions and support mechanisms that enhance the adaptive capacity and sustainability of rural tourism enterprises in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

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Typographic Street Identity: A Study on Local Café Signage in Kuala Lumpur

Nor Shazana Mohamad Shafiee — 2025-11-30

Typography functions as both a visual communication system and a cultural expression that shapes how identities are perceived within urban environments. In Kuala Lumpur’s café culture, particularly within the Golden Triangle, a dense urban district shaped by tourism, commerce, and cultural convergence where signage contributes to atmosphere and place identity. Yet, limited research has examined how typographic choices construct these associations. This study investigates 82 local cafés and 111 typefaces to identify typographic trends and interpret their cultural significance. Using qualitative visual observation and systematic typographic classification, five type categories were analysed: serif, sans serif, monospaced, script, and display. To further understand how viewers perceive signage, the analysis applies six Gestalt principles which include Figure Ground, Similarity, Proximity, Continuation, Closure, and Symmetry examining how contrast, stroke consistency, spacing, visual flow, implied form, and structural balance contribute to legibility and recognition. The findings reveal a strong preference for sans serif typefaces associated with clarity, neutrality, and global minimalist aesthetics. In contrast, serif and script typefaces are employed selectively to evoke heritage, intimacy, and handcrafted identity, particularly in historically layered areas such as Chinatown. These patterns indicate that café signage visually negotiates between modernity and cultural continuity, reflecting broader urban tensions between global branding influences and local identity expression. Overall, typography operates not only as stylistic decoration, but as a medium shaping visual branding, emotional atmosphere, and streetscape identity within Kuala Lumpur’s evolving city culture.

References

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Kecerdasan Emosi dan Representasi Autisme dalam Sastera Kanak-Kanak Malaysia: Analisis Teks Chempaka dengan Piano oleh Nisah Harun: (Emotional Intelligence and the Representation of Autism in Malaysian Children’s Literature: A Textual Analysis of Chempaka dengan Piano by Nisah Harun

Husairi Hussin — 2025-11-30

Kajian ini berasaskan keprihatinan terhadap isu representasi golongan autisme dalam kesusasteraan kanak-kanak Malaysia yang masih kurang diberikan perhatian, khususnya dari sudut pembinaan emosi dan sosial. Dalam konteks ini, karya sastera berperanan penting sebagai medium empati dan pemahaman terhadap kepelbagaian manusia. Justeru, kajian ini meneliti hubungan antara Kecerdasan Emosi (EQ) dan representasi autisme dalam novel Chempaka dengan Piano karya Nisah Harun. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk (i) mengenal pasti cara pengarang membina watak autisme melalui aspek kecerdasan emosi dan (ii) menganalisis implikasi representasi tersebut terhadap pemahaman serta empati pembaca kanak-kanak terhadap kehidupan sebenar individu autisme. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kaedah analisis teks berasaskan teori Kecerdasan Emosi (EQ) oleh Daniel Goleman. Data diperoleh melalui pembacaan teliti, pengekodan tema dan interpretasi terhadap unsur naratif, watak serta dialog yang berkaitan dengan emosi dan interaksi sosial. Dapatan menunjukkan pengarang mengaplikasikan strategi penceritaan yang lembut dan berlapis untuk menonjolkan perasaan, empati dan hubungan sosial watak autisme. Representasi ini memperlihatkan usaha membina pemahaman yang lebih mendalam terhadap dunia autisme. Implikasinya, kajian ini memperkukuh wacana kesusasteraan kanak-kanak Malaysia sebagai wahana pendidikan emosi dan sosial serta memberi panduan kepada penulis, pendidik dan pengkaji dalam penghasilan teks yang inklusif, empatik dan responsif terhadap isu kemanusiaan semasa.

Abstract: This study arises from the concern that the representation of autism in Malaysian children’s literature remains underexplored, particularly in relation to emotional and social development. In this context, literature serves as an important medium for fostering empathy and understanding of human diversity. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EQ) and the representation of autism in the novel Chempaka dengan Piano by Nisah Harun. The objectives of this study are to (i) identify how the author constructs an autistic character through aspects of emotional intelligence, and (ii) analyse the implications of this representation for children’s comprehension and empathy toward the real-life experiences of individuals with autism. A qualitative approach was employed, using textual analysis based on Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence (EQ) theory. Data were gathered through close reading, thematic coding, and interpretation of narrative elements, character development, and dialogue related to emotions and social interactions. The findings indicate that the author employs subtle and layered storytelling strategies to highlight the feelings, empathy, and social relationships of the autistic character. This representation offers readers a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of individuals with autism. The study contributes to the enrichment of Malaysian children’s literature as a vehicle for emotional and social education, while serving as a reference for writers, educators, and researchers in producing inclusive, empathetic, and socially responsive literary texts.

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Water Oral History in Malaysia: Voices, Memory, and the Decolonisation of Water Narratives

Mohd Firdaus Abdullah — 2025-11-30

This study introduces the concept of Water Oral History as a new approach to understanding Malaysia’s water history through the voices and memories of local communities rather than technocratic records or official statistics. In the postcolonial context, the history of water in Malaysia has been dominated by administrative and developmental narratives that silence the lived experiences behind policies and dams. This article argues that an oral approach to water history opens a path toward the decolonisation of epistemology by rejecting bureaucratic discourse and restoring the voices of communities, Public Works Department workers, villagers, fishermen, and women who serve as both users and custodians of water. Through oral historical interviews, these micro-narratives reveal how experiences of drought, flood, and water disruption shape emotional politics and local identity, dimensions long neglected in mainstream historiography. Crucially, Water Oral History is not merely a documentation method but an intellectual act of reclaiming history as a site of social struggle. It reconsiders who holds the authority to write water history, the colonial engineers and state officers or the people who endured their decisions. Within postcolonial and subaltern frameworks, oral memory functions as a living archive preserving indigenous knowledge of river management, water rituals, and communal solidarity. By positioning people’s voices as historical texts, Water Oral History reframes water as more than an economic resource, as a symbol of power, dependency, and resilience in post-1957 Malaysia. This concept expands water heritage studies and challenges conventional historiography by shifting authority from the archive to the oral.

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Faith-based Humanitarian Aid and Evangelism in Newer Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity in South Africa

Mookgo Solomon Kgatle — 2025-11-30

The newer Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity in South Africa has been experiencing numerical growth in the 21st century. One of the reasons for the development and expansion of this movement is its ability to evangelise and win souls as part of spreading the gospel to the ends of the earth. Contrary to traditional evangelism, these churches utilise humanitarian aid as one of their evangelism strategies. This kind of approach is conceptualised here as holistic evangelism, which is a mission approach that balances the material, financial, social, spiritual, and psychological needs of the potential converts. This article works within the theoretical frameworks of humanitarianism, holistic evangelism, and literature review in qualitative research to develop a Pentecostal holistic evangelism approach in the context of humanitarianism. This is done by first unpacking holistic evangelism as a theoretical framework that is relevant in the study of the intersections of faith-based humanitarian aid and evangelism in the broader Pentecostal movement. The current practices on the intersections of humanitarian aid and evangelism are highlighted using the selected newer Pentecostal and charismatic churches, such as the 3C-church, Christian Revival Church, and the Rhema Bible Church. The finding is that newer Pentecostal and Charismatic Churches can enhance evangelism by considering different aspects of human beings, including the material, financial, social, spiritual, and psychological needs, through a holistic approach to evangelism.

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Pengaruh Faktor Ekonomi dan Teknologi terhadap Penglibatan Perjudian Dalam Talian di Malaysia (The Influence of Economic and Technological Factors on Online Gambling Participation in Malaysia)

Norkhizan Ramli — 2025-11-30

Dalam era digital masa kini, perjudian dalam talian menjadi isu sosial yang semakin membimbangkan apabila corak berjudi masyarakat beralih daripada bentuk tradisional kepada platform digital yang lebih mudah diakses dan bersifat peribadi. Fenomena ini mencerminkan tekanan ekonomi, pengaruh teknologi dan faktor psikologi yang saling berkait, namun kajian mendalam mengenai faktor sebenar yang mendorong penglibatan masih kurang dijalankan. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti faktor utama yang mempengaruhi penglibatan individu dalam perjudian dalam talian serta meneliti corak penglibatan tersebut dalam konteks sosioekonomi masyarakat Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif melalui soal selidik berstruktur yang diedarkan kepada responden yang pernah terlibat dalam perjudian dalam talian. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa faktor kewangan merupakan pendorong paling dominan diikuti oleh faktor teknologi seperti aplikasi mudah alih dan sistem pembayaran digital yang memudahkan akses secara fleksibel. Aspek psikologi, termasuk keseronokan akibat kemenangan dan tekanan hidup, serta pengaruh sosial rakan sebaya turut mendorong penglibatan. Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa perjudian dalam talian ialah isu kompleks yang memerlukan pendekatan intervensi holistik merangkumi kawalan teknologi, pendidikan kesedaran dan sokongan psikososial. Implikasi kajian diharapkan dapat membantu pihak berwajib merangka strategi yang lebih berkesan bagi membendung kesan negatif perjudian dalam talian terhadap individu dan masyarakat.

Abstract: In today’s rapidly advancing digital era, online gambling has emerged as a growing social concern as gambling behaviour shifts from traditional forms to easily accessible and highly private digital platforms. This phenomenon reflects the interplay of economic pressures, technological influence, and psychological factors, yet empirical studies that examine the actual drivers of online gambling participation remain limited. This study aims to identify the key factors influencing individuals’ involvement in online gambling and to analyse the patterns of participation within Malaysia’s current socioeconomic context. A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire administered to respondents with prior experience in online gambling. The findings reveal that financial motives are the most dominant factor, recording the highest mean score (4.35), indicating that individuals often gamble to obtain quick financial gains. Technological convenience—such as mobile applications and online payment systems—further sustains continuous and private engagement. Psychological factors, including excitement from winning and coping with life stress, as well as social influences from peers, also contribute to participation. The study highlights that online gambling is a multifaceted issue requiring holistic interventions, including technological regulation, awareness education, and psychosocial support. The implications of this study are expected to assist policymakers in designing more effective strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of online gambling on individuals and society.

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Faktor Kelestarian Perniagaan Runcit dan Kaitannya dengan Budaya Niaga (Factors Sustainability of Retail Business and Its Relationship with Business Culture)

Nurul Natasha Sofea Mohammad — 2025-11-30

Budaya niaga dalam kalangan peniaga runcit kecil merupakan aspek penting dalam menentukan kelestarian perniagaan. Isu utama dalam kajian budaya niaga dan kelestarian perniagaan ialah kekurangan kajian empirikal yang mengaitkan nilai dan amalan budaya dengan daya tahan peniaga kecil dalam konteks ekonomi tempatan. Objektif kajian ini adalah mengkaji faktor-faktor budaya niaga yang mempengaruhi kejayaan peniaga di kawasan kajian, menganalisis budaya niaga sebagai elemen penentu kepada kejayaan mereka dalam perniagaan dan menganalisis faktor penentu kejayaan peniaga-peniaga di kawasan kajian. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan bertujuan dan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui soal selidik menggunakan skala Likert. Data dianalisis menggunakan program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 27. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa faktor sikap dan nilai merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi kejayaan peniaga runcit yang merangkumi nilai kejujuran dan keramahan dalam membina hubungan baik dengan pelanggan. Keupayaan mereka untuk meningkatkan kesetiaan dan kepercayaan pelanggan juga penting untuk kelangsungan perniagaan. Selain itu, dapatan kajian juga mendapati bahawa kaedah penentu kejayaan menjadi faktor penentu kepada kejayaan peniaga runcit di kawasan kajian kerana kaedah atau strategi yang digunakan dalam menguruskan perniagaan dapat memberikan kesan yang signifikan terhadap prestasi dan keberhasilan peniaga. Keadaan ini menjelaskan bahawa kaedah yang berkesan dapat membantu meningkatkan produktiviti, kecekapan operasi, serta meningkatkan daya saing dalam pasaran. Implikasi kajian ini mendapati bahawa perniagaan runcit perlu diberi penekanan kerana ia juga merupakan penyumbang utama kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi mikro dan kelestarian jaringan perniagaan tempatan.

Abstract: Business culture among small retail traders is an important aspect in determining business sustainability. The main issue in the study of business culture and business sustainability lies in the lack of empirical research that links cultural values and practices with the resilience of small traders within the local economic context. The objective of this study is to examine the cultural factors that influence the success of traders in the study area, analyzed business culture as a determining element of their business success, and identify the key success factors among traders in the area. This study employs a quantitative approach using purposive sampling, and data were collected through questionnaires based on a Likert scale. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. The findings indicate that attitude and values are the most influential factors affecting the success of retail traders, particularly values such as honesty and friendliness in building good relationships with customers. Their ability to enhance customer loyalty and trust is also crucial for business continuity. Furthermore, the study finds that methods or strategies for determining success are significant factors influencing the achievements of retail traders in the study area, as effective management methods can have a substantial impact on performance and business outcomes. Such effective approaches can help improve productivity, operational efficiency, and competitiveness in the market. The implications of this study highlight that the retail business sector should be given greater attention, as it represents a major contributor to microeconomic growth and the sustainability of local business networks.

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Air, Sakral dan Naga Tasik Chini: Mitos, Politik Pascakolonial, dan Krisis Ekologi di Malaysia (Water, the Sacred and the Naga of Tasik Chini: Myth, Postcolonial Politics, and Ecological Crisis in Malaysia)

Al-Amril Othman — 2025-11-30

Naga Tasik Chini bukan sekadar kisah lagenda yang diwariskan turun-temurun, tetapi merupakan wacana budaya yang sarat dengan makna politik, ekologi, dan identiti kolektif masyarakat Malaysia. Artikel ini meneliti bagaimana lagenda tersebut telah direka ulang dan ditafsir semula dalam konteks Malaysia pascakolonial melalui proses pengkomodifikasian yang digerakkan oleh pelancongan, geopark, dan naratif pembangunan negara. Dengan menggabungkan pendekatan teori ekologi politik, pascakolonialisme, dan water humanities, perbincangan ini memperlihatkan bagaimana air Tasik Chini diposisikan sebagai “ruang sakral” yang kemudiannya berubah menjadi medan perebutan makna antara komuniti Orang Asli, agensi kerajaan, dan pasaran global. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan analisis dokumen yang diperoleh daripada perpustakaan, arkib, dan sumber atas talian. Ia menegaskan bahawa lagenda Naga Tasik Chini harus dibaca semula bukan hanya sebagai cerita rakyat, tetapi sebagai tapak kritik terhadap hegemoni pembangunan, marginalisasi komuniti tempatan, serta krisis ekologi kontemporari yang semakin parah. Kebaharuan artikel ini terletak pada usahanya menyingkap semula mitos air dalam konteks Malaysia pascakolonial dengan mendedahkan paradoks antara simbolisme warisan, eksploitasi sumber, dan realiti ekologi semasa, sekali gus memperluas horizon wacana tentang hubungan antara air, mitos, dan kuasa di Malaysia dan rantau Asia Tenggara.

Abstract: The legend of the Naga of Tasik Chini is more than a tale passed down through generations; it constitutes a cultural discourse deeply embedded with political, ecological, and identity-based meanings. This article examines how the legend has been reimagined within the postcolonial Malaysian context through processes of commodification driven by tourism, geopark development, and state-led narratives of modernisation. Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of political ecology, postcolonialism, and water humanities, the discussion reveals how the waters of Tasik Chini have been transformed from a “sacred space” into a contested site of meaning among the Orang Asli community, the state, and the global market. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research undertakes documentary analysis based on materials gathered from libraries, archives, and online sources. It argues that the legend of the Naga of Tasik Chini should be reread not merely as folklore, but as a critical locus for interrogating the hegemony of development, the marginalisation of indigenous communities, and the unfolding ecological crisis. The originality of this study lies in its reinterpretation of a water myth within Malaysia’s postcolonial setting, uncovering the paradox between heritage symbolism, resource exploitation, and environmental realities—thus expanding the intellectual horizon of political heritage studies on the interrelationship between water, myth, and power in Malaysia and the wider Southeast Asian region.

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A Systematic Review of AI Adoption in Green HRM

Siti Aishah Hussin — 2025-11-30

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly shaping the landscape of Human Resource Management (HRM), particularly in advancing environmentally sustainable practices under the umbrella of Green HRM. As digitalisation accelerates and environmental pressures intensify, the strategic use of AI in HRM has become a topic of growing scholarly interest. However, existing research remains fragmented, especially regarding how AI is operationalised in Green HR initiatives, what themes emerge, and which contextual factors influence its adoption. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to synthesise current academic discourse and examine the contribution of AI to Green HRM. Specifically, it addresses three research questions: (1) How is AI being applied in Green HRM practices? (2) What are the main themes and patterns emerging from the literature on AI and Green HRM? (3) What contextual factors influence the integration of AI into Green HRM initiatives? Guided by the PICo framework, the review focuses on Green HR practices (Problem), AI applications (Interest), and organisational environments (Context). A comprehensive database search was conducted across Scopus, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, SpringerLink, Emerald Insight, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA 2020 methodology was employed to ensure rigour in identification, screening, and inclusion. A total of 172 peer-reviewed journal articles (2019–2025) were reviewed. Findings reveal key themes, including AI-driven green recruitment, digital learning systems, ethical concerns, leadership influence, and implementation barriers such as infrastructure and institutional readiness. This SLR offers valuable insights to inform future academic inquiry and guide practitioners and policymakers in embedding AI within sustainable HRM strategies.

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The Effect of Displacement and Irregular Migration on Nigeria’s Development

Samuel Agunyai — 2025-11-30

This article examined how displacement and irregular migration heighten insecurity in Nigeria, it also determined how displacement and irregular migration undermined the economic contributions that Nigeria would have enjoyed from its youthful population. These were with the view to ascertain the effect of displacement and irregular migration on Nigeria’s development. In achieving these objectives, the article draws on materialism theory and qualitative method that were sourced through document analysis, using a desktop as a data collection instrument. The findings established that displacement and irregular migration of mainly the Nigerian youth, who constituted the majority of the country’s economically active population, significantly hampered the developmental intents of Nigeria. The findings contribute to the discussion on the dimension of human displacement and irregular migration in Nigeria. The findings have implications for expanding knowledge about ways the Nigerian government can utilize good governance and citizen engagement to address irregular migration and its effects on socio-economic development. It concluded that effective government performance in terms of meeting the citizens' expectations and promoting their well-being would reduce tendencies of displacement and irregular migration in Nigeria.

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Sociocultural Construction and the Persistence of Child Marriage in Semarang, Indonesia

Tri Marhaeni Pudji Astuti — 2025-11-30

Early marriage is a persistent problem that persists in various regions, such as Semarang, with a high number of cases. This article aims to examine the social construction of early marriage in Muslim community and its sociocultural impact. This research combines quantitative and qualitative methods. A total of 75 participants from the Muslim community and 32 child marriage participants were surveyed and interviewed. Interviews were used to describe the statistical data. The data were analyzed using an interactive model. The research findings indicate that the social construct of early marriage in Muslim society, based on the belief that it is done to avoid sin and for religious reasons, has been proven unfounded. There has been a shift in perceptions where child marriage is increasingly seen as a personal family matter rather than a religious obligation. Participants often cited psychological factors, such as a desire to marry early, or premarital pregnancies, as the main motivations behind their decisions. The social impact of early marriage is that perpetrators of early marriage feel inferior when participating in social activities in their village. During routine meetings, perpetrators of early marriage tend to be quiet and never provide input or "contribute to discussions" at village activities. The implications of this study relate to the need for targeted interventions that not only address the individual motivations for child marriage but also the broader community perspectives that permit its persistence. Tackling both aspects can lead to more effective strategies in reducing child marriages.

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A Study Of Community Workers' Use Of Biopsychosocial Skills To Improve The Subjective Well-Being Of Older Adults

Yun Sun — 2025-11-30

This study explores how community workers in Nan Shuyuan Community, Pingliang City, Gansu Province, apply biopsychosocial (BPS) skills to enhance the subjective well-being of older adults. Using purposive sampling, six experienced community workers participated in focus group discussion. Findings reveal that community workers act as facilitators (social skills), providers (biological skills), and supporters (psychological skills), effectively guiding, supporting, teaching, and serving older adults. Their integrated approach improves older adults’ satisfaction with services, promotes healthier lifestyles, and fosters emotional well-being, ultimately enhancing their subjective well-being. Community workers address both material and emotional needs by building supportive networks, offering health education, and responding to psychological challenges. This comprehensive model not only benefits older adults but also supports the professional growth and mental health of community workers. They report increased job satisfaction, improved counseling skills, deeper trust with residents, and stronger community cohesion. The findings highlight the dual value of BPS-informed practices: enhancing the quality of life for older adults while promoting sustainable, fulfilling careers for frontline workers. This study recommends the broader adoption of biopsychosocial approaches in community-based older adults care.

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The Impact of Internet Knowledge Spillover Effects on Rural Human Capital in China: The Role of Digital Literacy

Jinyan Liao — 2025-11-30

The digital revolution has become the internet an indispensable instrument for the dissemination of information. This is particularly evident in rural China, where it significantly contributes to the development of human capital. This study investigates the effect of online information dissemination on rural human capital, particularly focusing on the role of digital literacy on agricultural productivity. Agriculturalists proficient in computer usage may access valuable information, such as market data and agronomic advice, facilitating improved decision making and enhanced operational efficiency. This, thus, aids them in tackling various challenges encountered by rural regions. The research employed a mixed methods approach, using national statistics, surveys, and comprehensive interviews to assess the influence of internet based knowledge on rural human capital. The findings indicate that instructing farmers in the proper use of digital platforms can enhance their productivity and foster sustainable development in rural regions. The implementation of targeted training programs and appropriate standards is essential, as evidenced by issues such as inadequate infrastructure and insufficient digital competencies. These difficulties must be resolved to facilitate the unobstructed flow of information, enhance agricultural practices, and provide new possibilities in rural regions. We provide critical insights on how digital literacy may bridge the digital divide and enhance economic development in rural regions by facilitating access to online resources.

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Promoting Academic Competence in Vocational Education and Training of Lecturers Through Professional Development Programmes: A Case Study Approach

Avhurengwi Samson Mabade — 2025-11-30

This study explores the enhancement of academic competence among lecturers in Vocational Education and Training (VET) through targeted professional development programmes. This poses a challenge to effective teaching and learning, particularly in South Africa, where TVET colleges are expected to play transformative role. Using a qualitative case study design, the research engaged eight participants, comprising management and lecturers, from two randomly selected colleges to understand their perceptions and experiences regarding competence development. Random sampling was adopted to select colleges from a district because any college had probability to be selected. The purpose of random sampling was to determine if the participants needed professional development and the level of their needs. Data was collected through interviews and reflective diaries and analysed using a data matrix. The findings reveal that while lecturers recognise the value of professional development, significant gaps remain in subject knowledge, didactic skills, and the application of adult education principles. Participants also highlighted constraints such as limited institutional support and inconsistent access to training opportunities. The study concludes that structured and sustained professional development initiatives are essential for cultivating critical thinking, improving teaching efficacy, and ultimately revitalising VET institutions. It recommends a systemic approach to lecturer training that integrates academic, pedagogical, and practical competencies to meet contemporary educational demands.

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Kepimpinan Sebagai Penggerak Kajian Tindakan: Penilaian Instrumen bagi Menyemai Kualiti Guru Sekolah Rendah (Leadership as a Catalyst for Action Research: Instrument Validation for Cultivating Teacher Quality in Primary Schools)

Azlin Moktar — 2025-11-30

: Peningkatan profesionalisme guru dalam pendidikan abad ke-21 menuntut pendekatan reflektif dan berasaskan data seperti kajian tindakan. Namun, pelaksanaan kajian tindakan dalam kalangan guru sekolah rendah masih bersifat tidak konsisten akibat kekangan masa, kurang sokongan kepimpinan, serta ketiadaan instrumen yang sah untuk menilai amalan ini secara sistematik. Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan dan menilai kesahan serta kebolehpercayaan satu instrumen yang mengukur pembudayaan kajian tindakan oleh guru besar, komitmen guru terhadap kajian tindakan, dan kualiti guru sekolah rendah. Kajian rintis ini menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan kuantitatif melibatkan 107 orang guru sebagai sampel rintis. Analisis kesahan meliputi penilaian kandungan oleh lima pakar bidang, kesahan muka oleh tiga pakar bahasa dan 30 guru, serta kesahan konstruk melalui Model Rasch menggunakan perisian Winsteps versi 3.73. Hasil analisis menunjukkan 65 item akhir berada dalam julat statistik kesesuaian yang diterima (Infit/Outfit MNSQ 0.5-1.5), unidimensionaliti disokong melalui PCA residual, dan instrumen mempunyai keupayaan diskriminatif yang tinggi dengan indeks pengasingan responden 6.28. Nilai kebolehpercayaan dalaman adalah sangat tinggi dengan Cronbach’s Alpha (0.99) dan korelasi skor-logit (0.96). Pemetaan Wright menunjukkan penyebaran item yang seimbang, walaupun terdapat keperluan menambah item berkesukaran tinggi bagi menangani isu mistargeting. Secara keseluruhan, instrumen ini sah, konsisten, dan kontekstual untuk menilai budaya penyelidikan di sekolah, merancang intervensi latihan guru, serta menyokong pelaksanaan dasar pendidikan berasaskan data.

Abstract: The enhancement of teacher professionalism in 21st-century education requires reflective and data-driven approaches such as action research. However, the implementation of action research among primary school teachers in Malaysia remains inconsistent due to time constraints, heavy workload, lack of leadership support, and the absence of valid instruments to systematically evaluate this practice. This study aimed to develop and validate a new instrument measuring the culture of action research led by principals, teachers’ commitment to action research, and teacher quality. A quantitative survey design was employed with 107 primary school teachers as pilot respondents. Validity analyses included content validation by five subject-matter experts, face validation by three Malay language experts and 30 teachers, and construct validation through the Rasch Measurement Model using Winsteps version 3.73. Findings indicated that 65 final items fell within the acceptable fit range (Infit/Outfit MNSQ 0.5–1.5), with unidimensionality supported by PCA residuals. The instrument demonstrated high discriminative power (person separation index = 6.28) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.99; person score-to-measure correlation = 0.96). The Wright Map confirmed balanced targeting between items and respondents, though additional high-difficulty items are recommended to address mistargeting issues. Overall, the instrument is valid, reliable, and contextually relevant for large-scale studies, enabling the assessment of research culture in schools, guiding teacher training interventions, and supporting evidence-based educational policies.

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Kerelevanan, Keseimbangan dan Kelestarian Pelaburan Pengurusan Bencana Banjir (Relevance, Balance, And Sustainability In Flood Disaster Management Investment)

Dona Raihana Don Ramli — 2025-11-30

Pelaburan dalam pengurusan bencana banjir memerlukan pendekatan penilaian yang menyeluruh bagi memastikan setiap keputusan yang dibuat adalah relevan, seimbang dan lestari dalam konteks pembangunan negara. Pengurusan pelaburan dalam projek mitigasi bencana banjir kini berdepan cabaran penilaian yang tidak seimbang apabila indikator ekonomi konvensional lebih diberi keutamaan berbanding nilai sosial dan alam sekitar. Pergantungan kepada ukuran ekonomi semata-mata sering menyebabkan nilai sosial dan alam sekitar kurang diberi perhatian kerana ketiadaan metrik standard untuk menilai nilai tidak ketara yang terhasil daripada sesuatu intervensi. Sehubungan itu, Social Return on Investment (SROI) diperkenalkan sebagai satu kerangka analisis yang mengkuantifikasikan nilai sosial, ekonomi dan alam sekitar melalui penggunaan proksi kewangan, sekali gus menjadikan nilai subjektif lebih jelas, terukur dan berupaya diterjemahkan dalam bentuk yang mudah difahami oleh pemegang taruh yang terlibat. Artikel ini membincangkan kerelevanan, keseimbangan serta kelestarian pelaburan pengurusan bencana banjir menerusi aplikasi SROI, di samping menekankan peranannya dalam meningkatkan ketelusan, komunikasi dan justifikasi peruntukan sumber. Kajian kes Projek Tebatan Banjir (PTB) Sungai Muda menunjukkan bahawa setiap RM1.00 pelaburan menghasilkan RM4.88 nilai sosial yang dimonetisasi, membuktikan keberkesanan dan kewajaran pelaburan tersebut diteruskan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa pulangan sosial yang dijana jauh melebihi kos pelaburan, membuktikan keberkesanan projek tersebut dalam mengurangkan risiko bencana serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan komuniti. SROI merupakan alat bagi meningkatkan ketelusan dan justifikasi penggunaan sumber awam. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menegaskan bahawa SROI bukan sekadar instrumen penilaian, tetapi satu pendekatan strategik yang mampu menyokong pembuatan keputusan berasaskan bukti serta memastikan pelaburan mitigasi banjir lebih mampan, inklusif dan berpandangan jangka panjang.

Abstract: Investment in flood disaster management requires a comprehensive evaluation approach to ensure that all decisions made are relevant, balanced, and sustainable within the context of national development. Investment management in flood mitigation projects currently faces assessment challenges, as conventional economic indicators are often prioritised over social and environmental values. Reliance solely on economic measures frequently results in limited attention to social and environmental benefits due to the absence of standard metrics capable of assessing the intangible value generated by an intervention. Accordingly, the Social Return on Investment (SROI) framework is introduced as an analytical tool that quantifies social, economic, and environmental value through the use of financial proxies, thereby making subjective benefits clearer, measurable, and easily understood by stakeholders. This article examines the relevance, balance, and sustainability of investments in flood disaster management through the application of SROI, while also emphasising its role in enhancing transparency, communication, and justification of resource allocation. The case study of the Sungai Muda Flood Mitigation Project (SMFMP) shows that every RM1.00 invested yields RM4.88 in monetised social value, demonstrating the effectiveness and rationale for continuing such investments. The findings indicate that the social returns generated far exceed the investment costs, validating the project’s effectiveness in reducing disaster risks and improving community well-being. SROI also serves as a tool to strengthen transparency and justification for the use of public resources. Overall, this study affirms that SROI is not merely an evaluation instrument but a strategic approach capable of supporting evidence-based decision-making and ensuring that flood mitigation investments are more sustainable, inclusive, and long-term oriented.

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Nyai Roro Kidul: Water, Gender, and the Politics of Sacred Sovereignty in Javanese Cosmology

Nurhidayu Rosli — 2025-11-30

This article examines Ratu Laut Selatan, Nyai Roro Kidul, as a Javanese cosmological text that binds water, gender, and sovereignty within an interconnected regime of meaning. It argues that water functions not merely as an ecological medium but as a cosmological infrastructure of power legitimising rule through the sacred union between the king and the sea queen. By situating the Southern Ocean as a sacred and feminine domain, the study reveals how the feminisation of water creates a dialectic in which the female body of water is both alluring and threatening, sustaining patriarchal authority while expressing feminine agency that resists control.Integrating hydro-cosmology and hydrofeminism, the analysis interprets rituals, taboos, colour symbolism, and natural phenomena as political signs. The Merapi, Keraton, and Ocean axis is read as a dynamic framework of sovereignty balancing human, natural, and spiritual realms. Within this configuration, water emerges as a gendered space of power, generating obedience, fear, and devotion through ceremonial and oral traditions that delineate what is permitted and forbidden. At the local level, the study demonstrates how Javanese water cosmology shapes ideas of sovereignty through nature and feminine symbolism. At the global level, it enriches hydropolitics by introducing a paradigm of the sea as a locus of power and feminine sacrality, rarely explored in social science and humanities. Reading Nyai Roro Kidul as a hydropolitical text, this article calls for expanding water politics theory to include cultural and cosmological dimensions in understanding how water organises ecology, economy, and the imagination of sovereignty.

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Pengajian Agama di Masjid: Ritualisme dan Cabaran Modenisasi Sekular di Malaysia (Religious Education in Mosques: Ritualism and the Challenges of Secular Modernization in Malaysia)

Kharun Naim Ramli — 2025-11-30

Isu utama kajian ini ialah dominasi subjek ritual dan fardu ain dalam subjek pengajian agama di masjid, sedangkan subjek berkaitan isu semasa dan kontemporari kurang diberi perhatian. Fenomena ini dikaitkan dengan kesan pertembungan epistemologi antara agama dan sekularisme yang mewarisi falsafah modenisasi Barat, sehingga agama cenderung terpinggir ke ruang privasi dan simbolik. Objektif kajian adalah untuk menilai pengaruh epistemologi sekularisme terhadap struktur subjek pengajian agama di masjid bandar, mengenal pasti dominasi subjek tradisional berbanding kontemporari, dan mencadangkan model kurikulum yang seimbang antara tradisi dan realiti semasa. Metodologi kajian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan meneliti taburan subjek pengajian agama yang dipaparkan dalam jadual pengajian masjid bandar dan mudah diakses oleh masyarakat. Analisis dilakukan terhadap kategori subjek, kekerapan, dan kecenderungan tema pengajian.Hasil kajian menunjukkan pengajian agama di masjid lebih tertumpu kepada subjek asas dan ritual, manakala pengajian kontemporari yang menyentuh isu sosial, ekonomi, dan cabaran moden masih kurang diberi perhatian. Implikasi kajian ini menekankan keperluan pengurusan hal ehwal Islam memperkukuh subjek pengajian agama yang lebih seimbang, agar peranan agama dapat diperkasa dalam ruang awam dan tidak terpinggir dalam realiti masyarakat moden yang berdepan cabaran sekularisme dan modenisasi.

Abstract: The main issue addressed in this study is the dominance of ritual and fardu ain subjects in mosque-based religious education syllabi, while subjects related to contemporary and current issues receive limited attention. This phenomenon is linked to the epistemological clash between religion and secularism, inherited from Western modernization, which tends to confine religion to private and symbolic spaces.The objective of this study is to assess the influence of secular epistemology on the structure of mosque-based religious education syllabi in urban areas, identify the dominance of traditional subjects over contemporary ones, and propose a curriculum model that balances tradition with current realities. The methodology adopts a qualitative approach by examining the distribution of religious subjects displayed in mosque study schedules that are publicly accessible. The analysis focuses on subject categories, frequency, and thematic tendencies. The findings reveal that mosque-based religious education primarily emphasizes basic and ritual subjects, while contemporary studies addressing social, economic, and modern challenges remain underrepresented. The implications of this study highlight the need for Islamic affairs management to strengthen a more balanced syllabus for mosque-based religious education, ensuring that religion maintains its role in the public sphere and does not become marginalized within the confines of private and ritual spaces in the context of modern society facing secular and modernization challenges.

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Youth Awareness and Participation in Smart City Development in Malaysia

Muhammad Izzuddin Mohd Yazri — 2025-11-30

This study investigates the awareness of Malaysian urban youth concerning intelligent city concepts and their potential as human capital in advancing smart city development. In the context of accelerated global urbanization and the rising demographic significance of young populations, youth engagement is becoming an essential component of sustainable urban transformation. However, empirical evidence on youth awareness and participation in smart city initiatives in Malaysia is still limited. To address this gap, a survey of 200 youths aged 15 to 30 in Putrajaya and Iskandar was conducted using purposive and convenience sampling. Respondents completed structured items adapted from established smart city frameworks, covering the six smart city dimensions and youths’ perceived roles in urban innovation, measured on a 5-point Likert scale.The findings reveal a substantial level of awareness among respondents, with strong recognition of key smart city elements such as digital infrastructure, sustainable environments and intelligent mobility systems. The majority also expressed positive perceptions of their responsibility and capability to contribute, with 81.5 percent strongly agreeing that youth should monitor smart city services and promote digital awareness. The results demonstrate that urban Malaysian youth constitute an underutilised human capital resource that can significantly support intelligent urban development. By integrating technological and human capital perspectives, this study enriches smart city literature with a people-centered analytical orientation. Policy implications suggest that national frameworks such as the Malaysian Smart Cities Framework should prioritise youth empowerment through education, digital skills enhancement and participatory planning to strengthen inclusive and future-oriented urban communities.

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Pemilihan Bahasa Pelajar Cina dalam Pergaulan Harian di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Language Choice of Chinese Students in Daily Interaction at the National University of Malaysia)

Mohammed Azlan Mis — 2025-11-30

Masyarakat Cina di Malaysia lazimnya bersifat multibahasa dengan penguasaan terhadap bahasa Mandarin, dialek seperti Hokkien dan Kantonis, bahasa Melayu, serta bahasa Inggeris. Kajian ini meneliti bahasa-bahasa yang dipilih oleh pelajar Cina yang sedang belajar di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti bahasa yang utama digunakan oleh pelajar Cina di UKM dalam pergaulan harian mereka Selain itu, kajian ini juga meneliti faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan bahasa berdasarkan domain di dalam kelas, kedai makan, kolej kediaman, aktiviti sukan dan aktiviti di fakulti. Semua domain yang dipilih adalah ketika pelajar Cina itu berkomunikasi dengan sesama pelajar Cina dan bukan Cina. Kajian ini dijalankan melalui kaedah lapangan menggunakan soal selidik dan temu bual tidak formal yang melibatkan 50 orang pelajar Cina berumur antara 18 hingga 30 tahun. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa bahasa Inggeris dan bahasa Melayu lebih banyak digunakan dalam domain di dalam kelas atau kuliah dan aktiviti di fakulti. Dalam interaksi sosial dan peribadi, pelajar Cina ni lebih cenderung memilih bahasa ibunda dan Mandarin. Peralihan kod bahasa atau penggunaan bentuk hibrid linguistik (bahasa rojak) menjadi strategi komunikasi lintas etnik semua domain, terutamanya ketika berkomunikasi pelajar Cina dengan bukan Cina. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini tentang pemilihan bahasa pelajar Cina menyumbang kepada pemahaman tentang dinamika pelbagai bahasa di institusi pendidikan tinggi dan membantu mengkaji bagaimana faktor sosial seperti identiti etnik, status sosial, dan konteks interaksi mempengaruhi pilihan bahasa (bahasa Melayu, Mandarin, Inggeris, atau dialek Cina).

Abstract: The Chinese community in Malaysia is generally multilingual, with proficiency in Mandarin, dialects such as Hokkien and Cantonese, Malay, and English. This study examines the languages chosen by Chinese students studying at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The main objective of this research is to identify the primary languages used by Chinese students at UKM in their daily interactions. In addition, the study investigates the factors that influence language choice across different domains, including classrooms, cafeterias, residential colleges, sports activities, and faculty events. All selected domains involve communication between Chinese students and both Chinese and non-Chinese peers. This study was conducted through fieldwork methods using questionnaires and informal interviews involving 50 Chinese students aged between 18 and 30 years old. The findings indicate that English and Malay are more frequently used in classroom or lecture settings and in faculty-related activities. In social and personal interactions, Chinese students tend to prefer their mother tongues and Mandarin. Code-switching or the use of hybrid linguistic forms (“mixed language”) serves as a cross-ethnic communication strategy across all domains, especially in interactions between Chinese and non-Chinese students. Overall, this study on the language choice of Chinese students contributes to a better understanding of multilingual dynamics in higher education institutions. It also helps to explore how social factors such as ethnic identity, social status, and interactional context influence language choice (Malay, Mandarin, English, or Chinese dialects).

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Pengaruh Trauma Kanak-Kanak, Penghindaran Sosial dan Harapan terhadap Idea Membunuh Diri dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sarjana Muda di Bangi dan Kuala Lumpur (The Influence of Childhood Trauma, Social Avoidance and Hope on Suicidal Ideation Among Undergraduate Students in Bangi and Kuala Lumpur)

Munif Norazan — 2025-11-30

Isu kesihatan mental dan tingkah laku membunuh diri semakin membimbangkan di seluruh dunia, terutama dalam kalangan remaja dan awal dewasa, yang mana pelajar universiti tergolong dalam kumpulan yang terdedah kepada pelbagai tekanan akademik dan sosial. Kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti pengaruh trauma kanak-kanak, penghindaran sosial dan harapan terhadap idea membunuh diri dalam kalangan pelajar Ijazah Sarjana Muda di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi dan Kuala Lumpur. Seramai 168 pelajar menerusi kaedah persampelan rawak mudah telah melengkapkan soal selidik yang merangkumi Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS), Hope Scale (HS), dan Self-Rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensi menggunakan SPSS dan JAMOVI. Dapatan menunjukkan trauma zaman kanak-kanak dan penghindaran sosial memberi kesan signifikan terhadap idea membunuh diri, manakala harapan berfungsi sebagai faktor pelindung. Hanya etnik didapati mempunyai perbezaan signifikan dalam tahap idea membunuh diri, manakala jantina dan status sosioekonomi tidak. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menekankan keperluan intervensi yang lebih berfokus pada aspek psikososial pelajar universiti bagi mencegah peningkatan kes bunuh diri dan mempertingkatkan kesihatan mental mereka. Kajian pada masa hadapan juga haruslah mengkaji pembolehubah-pembolehubah ini secara mendalam terhadap idea membunuh diri atau mengaitkan dengan pembolehubah yang baharu agar kefahaman tentang idea membunuh diri ini dalam konteks Malaysia untuk lebih difahami.

Abstract: Mental health issues and suicidal ideation have become increasingly concerning worldwide, particularly among adolescents and young adults, with university students being a high-risk group due to various academic and social pressures. This study aimed to examine the influence of childhood trauma, social avoidance, and hope on suicidal ideation among undergraduate students at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi and Kuala Lumpur. A total of 168 students were selected through simple random sampling and completed a set of questionnaires comprising the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS), Hope Scale (HS), and Self-Rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS). Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS and JAMOVI. Findings revealed that childhood trauma and social avoidance had significant effects on suicidal ideation, whereas hope served as a protective factor. Only ethnicity showed significant differences in levels of suicidal ideation, while gender and socioeconomic status did not. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for more psychosocially focused interventions for university students to prevent the rising incidence of suicide and to promote their mental well-being. Future research should further explore these variables in greater depth or incorporate additional factors to enhance understanding of suicidal ideation in the Malaysian context.

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Negotiating the meaning of proactive safety behavior among the young Malaysian workers: A qualitative analysis

Rusyda Helma Mohd — 2025-11-30

Young workers, aged between 18 to 29 years old, make up over 18 percent of the Malaysian working-age population. Poor workplace safety is a major concern for these young Malaysian workers, with relatively high levels of workplace accidents and injuries being recorded. This study investigates young workers’ proactive safety behavior practices, defined as anticipatory, change-oriented, and self-initiated behavior in sustaining workplace safety in situations where management safety controls are often neglected. This qualitative research involved interview sessions with 33 young Malaysian workers with Critical Incident Technique (CIT). The findings were analysed with NVIVO. Altogether, four themes were extracted; proactive personality, proactive motivation and proactive opportunity and also proactive safety behavior as the outcome. In conclusion, the young workers were able to understand the components of proactive safety behavior and its meaning based on their daily routine at work.

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When the Sky Falls: The Media’s Mediating Role in Crisis and Reputation Management of the Air India Flight 171 Tragedy

Siti Salbiah Norazan — 2025-11-30

On June 12, 2025, Air India Flight 171 tragically crashed en route to Mumbai, resulting in over 240 fatalities and widespread collateral damage. The incident swiftly escalated into a national and international crisis, attracting extensive media coverage, heightened public scrutiny, and significant reputational risk for key stakeholders, including Air India, Tata Group, and India’s Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). This study aims to analyse the role of the media as a mediating factor in shaping crisis narratives and managing institutional reputation, guided by Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) and Agenda-Setting Theory. To achieve this, a qualitative content and sentiment analysis was conducted on over 150 news articles and 1,200 social media comments published within the first week following the crash. The research identified dominant themes in media framing, sentiment polarity, and the extent of public accountability placed on key institutions. Findings indicate that initial media narratives foregrounded technical failures, regulatory lapses, and institutional blame, establishing the dominant discourse early on. Although Air India attempted image repair through public apologies, leadership visibility, and compensation efforts, these strategies were often counteracted by emotionally charged media content and viral critiques. This study concludes that the media played a dual role—not only conveying crisis information but also actively shaping stakeholder reputations. The implications highlight the necessity for proactive, transparent, and emotionally attuned media engagement during crises. The paper offers recommendations for strategic media response protocols and proposes directions for future research in cross-national media framing of aviation disasters.

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Interaction-With-Interference (I∩I): Unconcealing The Illusion of Media Spectacle in Quantum-Like Society

Zhao Jie — 2025-11-30

In the digital age, media spectacle relies on images and illusions to shape perception and judgement, yet interactive interference in communication remains underexplored. UNESCO’s promotion of art-based quantum literacy has reshaped Scientific Aesthetics. The metaphor of a Quantum Society, rooted in superposition, entanglement, uncertainty, and emergence, offers a critical lens on social structures and behaviours but has rarely been integrated with media-spectacle studies, leaving gaps on how interactive media and interference shape social dynamics and aesthetic experience. This research advances Interaction-with-Interference (I∩I) to examine how interference modulates information flow, exposes the illusion of spectacle in a quantum-like society, and characterises interactive spectacle, including user participation, immersion, and quantum-inspired design, while foregrounding the creative potential of interference aesthetics in interactive animation. Methods combined theoretical analysis of spectacle’s evolution with an empirical programme: a one-minute PDTM (Preference and Dwell-Time Measurement) comparing dynamic for A/B Choice, quantum-inspired elements (uncertainty, randomness, superposition) to static controls; a questionnaire probing quantum concepts as artistic inspirations; and qualitative interviews on media interaction and interference. Results show increased interaction time in the dynamic environment, with 67.1% preferring it; the survey identified Uncertainty and Superposition as top inspirations; interviews highlighted addiction, filter bubbles, and misinformation, alongside creative affordances of interference aesthetics. We conclude that I∩I offers a novel interdisciplinary perspective in which interaction and interference are inherently integrated, reframing interference as vital to creativity and guiding interactive design that harmonises technological advances with humanistic values.

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Sustainability Communication as A Strategic Driver: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review

Juwita Mohd Johan — 2025-11-30

This systematic literature review (SLR) examines the growing field of sustainability communication, highlighting its importance in raising awareness and translating sustainability policies into practical applications. The study aims to consolidate existing evidence, identify key themes, and disclose research gaps that hinder the integration of communication strategies in sustainability initiatives. A structured search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science, resulting in 229 records (215 from Scopus and 14 from WoS). After removing duplicates, 224 unique articles published between 2019 and 2024 were systematically screened and analyzed. The findings uncover a sustained increase in scholarly interest, marking sustainability communication as a distinct and growing area within sustainability studies. Thematic analysis identifies three primary clusters influencing this field: policy translation and alignment, communication tools and media, and institutional or organizational challenges. Most studies employ qualitative methodologies, while quantitative and mixed-methods research are less common. Overall, the results underscore communication as a crucial yet underexplored mechanism for bridging the gap between sustainability policy frameworks and their practical implementation. The review concludes by stressing the need for more empirical and interdisciplinary research to assess communication effectiveness in various contexts. These insights provide valuable implications for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to enhance sustainability engagement and drive meaningful institutional change.

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Digital Deadlines: Time Pressure and Workflow Challenges for Multimedia Journalists in Malaysia

Ima Liana Esa — 2025-11-30

The digital era has significantly transformed Malaysian TV newsrooms, establishing cross-platform journalism as a standard for delivering real-time content across television, web portals, and social media. While this shift creates new opportunities for audience engagement, it also introduces acute time pressures and complex workflow challenges. This study examines the strategies and coping mechanisms employed by Multimedia Journalists (MJs) in navigating digital deadlines and cross-platform demands, with a focus on how these pressures shape their professional practices in ensuring timely and accurate news delivery. Guided by Galtung and Ruge’s (1965) News Value Theory, adapted to reflect digital complexities, this qualitative study employs interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 purposively MJs from four TV newsrooms in Malaysia. Data saturation was achieved, offering rich insights into their lived experiences. Findings reveal two key superordinate themes essential to MJs’ effectiveness. The first, adaptive professionalism, encompasses cross-platform planning and proactive news engagement. The second theme, journalistic imperative, highlights their deep professional commitment, driven by intrinsic motivation, reputational stewardship against misinformation, and strict professional discipline. This study provides valuable insights for media organizations to better support MJs in balancing speed, accuracy, and ethical standards in Malaysia’s rapidly evolving digital news landscape. Future research could further investigate newsroom interventions or conduct cross-cultural comparisons to expand understanding of these challenges.

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The Role of Civic Education in Cultivating Responsible Digital Communication among Elementary School Students

Intan Indah Megasari — 2025-11-30

This study investigates the strategic role of Civic Education in cultivating responsible digital communication among elementary school students in Indonesia through a comprehensive mixed methods approach. The research employed sequential explanatory design, combining quantitative surveys of 50 students from four elementary schools in Bandung with qualitative in-depth interviews of 15 civic education teachers and 20 parents, supplemented by participatory classroom observations. The study utilized Digital Citizenship Theory and Value-Based Learning framework to analyze the systematic integration of digital ethics into formal educational structures. Quantitative findings revealed significant variations in digital ethics awareness across multiple dimensions, with privacy consciousness achieving the highest score (M=4.5) while cybersecurity awareness recorded the lowest (M=3.2), indicating critical knowledge gaps requiring immediate pedagogical intervention. Qualitative analysis identified contextual learning approaches (80%) and simulation-based strategies (67%) as dominant pedagogical methods employed by teachers, demonstrating effective application of constructivist learning principles. The integration of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor dimensions through value-based learning demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in internalizing digital citizenship values, particularly through collaborative project methodologies and ethical scenario discussions. Collaborative supervision mechanisms between educational institutions and families created a comprehensive digital education ecosystem, with 90% of parents implementing time-based restrictions and 80% controlling content access through technological monitoring systems. Students demonstrated successful internalization of civic values in digital contexts, particularly in anti-hoax awareness, digital empathy development, and responsible information sharing practices. However, the study also identified critical structural gaps in formal curriculum frameworks and limited teacher pedagogical competencies in contemporary digital literacy instruction methodologies. These empirical findings underscore the urgent necessity for comprehensive curriculum reformation and systematic teacher professional development programs to optimize civic education's transformative potential in fostering ethical and responsible digital communication behaviors among Indonesian elementary school students.

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Colour Communication: Evolution Of Colour Aesthetics In Malaysian Animated Characters

Naque Farhan — 2025-11-30

Colour has evolved as a strong communicative and symbolic element in Malaysian animation, serving not merely a decorative purpose but also conveying identity, emotional tone, and cultural nuance. As local animation practitioners embrace digital technologies, colour aesthetics have evolved significantly, reflecting shifts in sociocultural values, audience preferences, and production practices. Despite the growing popularity of Malaysia's animation industry, academic research has not extensively examined how colour serves as a cultural signifier and its evolution over various animation eras. This study addresses the gap by exploring the evolution of colour aesthetics in Malaysian animated characters from the early 90s to the digital era. Adopting a qualitative approach, this study employs indirect observation and visual analysis on a purposive sample of one Malaysian animated film representing three key periods: the early analogue phase (the 1990s–2000s), the digital transition (2010s), and the streaming era (2020s). Using a visual coding framework grounded in colour semiotics and media aesthetics, the study identifies recurring colour patterns in animated films. Findings reveal a decline in the use of culturally symbolic colours, such as yellow (royalty), red (celebration), and green (Islam), in recent productions. Earlier animations embedded ethnic and national identity through culturally rooted palettes, whereas post-2010 animated characters' emotion-driven, genre-based, and market-oriented colour strategies. This chromatic shift reflects a transformation in production priorities, where global visual trends and commercial branding increasingly outweigh traditional symbolic messaging. This study contributes to the contextualisation of colour as a dynamic cultural medium. It offers a framework for understanding how the technological and global pressures reshape visual identity in Malaysian animated content.

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The Reimagining of Indonesian Millennial Farmers’ Identity on Social Media

Vidi Sukmayadi — 2025-11-30

This study explores how millennial farmers in Indonesia's Farmer Rejuvenation Program shape their professional identities and present themselves on social media. The authors have recognized a notable gap in the representation of agriculture and farmers across both mainstream and social media platforms. Using the phenomenological approach with 8 millennial farmer informants, the study identifies three key dimensions of their identity construction: pride in being "agricultural sustainability heroes," viewing farming as a noble profession despite its unpopularity, and preserving familial occupational heritage. The study additionally explores their digital self-presentation techniques; millennial farmers use social media for three primary reasons: marketing farming as a career, involving younger generations in agriculture, and endorsing agricultural entrepreneurial initiatives. Their implementation strategies involve the preservation of authenticity through the use of spontaneous content creation, the application of narrative devices, and the emphasis on educational resources. The overall findings suggest that millennial farmers successfully integrate traditional agricultural values with modern digital communication tactics, potentially offering a solution to Indonesia's agricultural regeneration crisis. These strategies reflect 3 key identity dimensions: professional credibility, cultural rootedness, and aspirational modernity. Finally, it is expected that this study could contribute to our understanding of professional identity construction in the digital era, particularly in traditionally stigmatized fields such as farming. Hence, the significance of the study lies in its potential as a benchmark for farmer revitalization campaigns, offering insights into the utilization of digital platforms to reshape perceptions of agriculture while preserving authenticity in agricultural communication and development initiatives.

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Engaging Employees Through Corporate Volunteering: Case Study of SPARK Program, PT Merck Chemicals and Life Sciences Indonesia

Pijar Suciati — 2025-11-30

This study examines how corporate communication enhances employee engagement through corporate volunteering, focusing on the SPARK program at PT Merck Chemicals and Life Sciences Indonesia. The problem addressed is the limited understanding of how internal communication shapes employees’ emotional and motivational responses to volunteering initiatives, despite the growing emphasis on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The objective is to identify how communication strategies support participation, strengthen organizational identification, and translate volunteering into meaningful engagement. Using a qualitative case study method, the research collected data through in-depth interviews with key internal stakeholders and analyzed the data using thematic analysis supported by NVivo 14. The findings show that corporate communication plays a strategic role not only in delivering information but also in building emotional connection, shared identity, and a sense of ownership. Storytelling, testimonials, and value-driven messages successfully position SPARK as a meaningful initiative that aligns employees’ personal motivations with organizational purpose. Participation is reinforced by peer influence and the program’s alignment with individual passions, though challenges such as time limitations and unclear participation pathways remain. The study reveals that volunteering fosters cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement, with employees expressing increased purpose, belonging, and identification with the company. These insights imply that well-designed communication around volunteering can strengthen employee–organization relationships and support organizational performance. The study contributes practical guidance for integrating corporate volunteering into strategic communication, emphasizing empathy, clarity, and value-based messaging.

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Malaysia’s National Day Stamps 2002-2018: A Visual Analysis and Interpretation

Nur Aiza Zainol Abidin — 2025-11-30

Postage stamps serve as essential representations of the state, acting as miniature ambassadors that embody a nation’s identity, values, and socio-political evolution. In Malaysia, National Day-themed stamps commemorate Malaysia’s Independence Day, showcasing rich visual narratives of its cultural, social, and political identity since 1957. This research conducts a visual analysis of Malaysia’s National Day stamps issued from 2002 to 2018. This research aims to explore how these stamps contribute to the formation of national identity. Employing a semiotic framework, the research examines how these stamps act as visual symbols, influencing and reflecting collective memories and national narratives. The analysis focuses on 31 selected stamps from seven distinct National Day-themed stamps, obtained from philatelic collections. This research addresses a gap in the visual examination of these stamps’ contribution to nation-building discourse by identifying symbols, design elements, and thematic patterns within the chosen artefacts. The findings reveal that 15 categories of visual elements were identified and analysed. The aim is to elucidate their intended messages, underlying meanings, and their contribution to the visual constructions of nationhood. This research underscores the significance of these stamps as potent cultural artefacts that actively participate in the ongoing formation of Malaysia’s national identity, communicate national values and aspirations to domestic and international audiences, and thus contribute to visual communication and cultural studies.

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Transformation of Organisational Management in the Malaysia Framework of MADANI: An Analysis of Digital Communication Strategies and New Work Culture

Ismail Sualman — 2025-11-30

This study aims to analyse organisational management transformation within the framework of Malaysia MADANI by focusing on digital communication strategies and new work culture in Malaysia corporate sector. Malaysia MADANI emphasises values such as well-being, sustainability, inclusivity, and innovation that are relevant in the changing work landscape due to digitalisation and hybrid work practices. This study used a qualitative approach through the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method involving organisational managers, professional workers, and organisational communication experts. FGD participants are purposively selected from a variety of industries, including services, technology, and the public sector, to gain a comprehensive perspective on organisational management change. The FGD discussion focused on (1) how organisations integrate the principles of Malaysia MADANI in their digital communication strategies, (2) how new work cultures (e.g. flexible working and digitalisation) affect the relationship between employees and management, and (3) the challenges faced in maintaining the values of MADANI in the era of digital transformation. The findings of the study show that organisations that successfully integrate the values of MADANI in their digital communications tend to have a more inclusive, responsive, and innovative work culture. In addition, the effective use of digital communication platforms is seen to increase employee engagement, strengthen the relationship between employees and management, and promote more transparent governance. This study is expected to contribute to a strategic understanding of how the values of MADANI can strengthen organisational communication in the face of the changing work landscape in Malaysia.

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Animating Heritage: A Study Of Cultural Themes In Malaysian Animated Film

Safwan Anwar Azizan — 2025-11-30

Over the years, Malaysia has produced numerous animated films that integrate cultural elements into both development and production processes. Eastern animation, particularly in Malaysia, often employs visual storytelling enriched with distinctive cultural characteristics. This continuity of cultural themes, from early productions such as Hikayat Sang Kancil (1980s) to recent works like Mechamato (2022) reflects their enduring significance in shaping national animation. While previous studies have acknowledged cultural representations in Malaysian media, scholarly research focusing specifically on cultural themes in animated films remains limited in both scope and depth. This study adopts a qualitative methodology, employing indirect observation and purposive sampling of eight Malaysian animated films spanning different phases of the industry’s development. Thematic analysis was applied to identify recurring cultural elements and their narrative and visual functions. The findings reveal six key cultural elements traditional Malaysian culture, language, arts and crafts, social etiquette, traditional attire, and symbolic visual representation each illustrated through selected film examples across the four phases of Malaysian animation. These elements demonstrate not only continuity but also adaptation to contemporary animation practices. The study underscores the broader implications of embedding cultural heritage within animation, including the preservation and revitalisation of cultural identity, the enhancement of audience engagement through culturally resonant content, and the stimulation of industry innovation by merging tradition with digital technologies. For practitioners, the study recommends that animators consciously integrate cultural motifs in character and world-building, policymakers support culturally grounded productions, and educators utilise animated films as tools for cultural learning.

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Yaakup, H. S. (2024). Representation of disabilities in Malaysian films: Stereotypes, identities & the others. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2103.49

AI Ethics in Public Relations: A Literature-Based Examination of Bias, Privacy & Accountability in Scholarly Discourse

Dzul Affandi Mat Noor — 2025-11-30

This paper investigates ethical issues of artificial intelligence (AI) within the field of Public Relations (PR), focusing on three interconnected dilemmas: algorithmic bias, data privacy, and professional responsibility. Based on a structured review of peer-reviewed literature, regulatory frameworks, and policy discussions, it offers a qualitative, interpretive analysis of how scholars and regulatory bodies perceive the ethical implications of AI adoption in strategic communication. The review pays particular attention to the Malaysian context, referencing the statutory frameworks such as the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (Act 588) and the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (Act 709), and critically assesses aspects of the National AI Governance and Ethics (AIGE) Code, including its reliance on a voluntary framework. Results show increased awareness of AI's advantages in PR work, especially its use in media monitoring, which will be more effective and efficient in creating and curating content, as well as enhancing crisis communication. However, these benefits are offset by ethical risks. The literature consistently highlights issues like biased algorithmic behaviour, lack of transparency in decision-making, loss of human control, and weak protection of personal data. There is a notable gap between technological advancements and enforceable ethical principles, which is concerning regarding responsibility and transparency in AI-supported communication. Another weakness of the study is that it relies on secondary sources, which may be inadequate for forming a comprehensive picture of PR practitioners and the latest developments in the industry. Nonetheless, the analysis offers a valuable critique of how AI ethics are conceptualised in academia and regulatory discourse. Ultimately, the paper calls for more robust and context-specific regulatory frameworks and additional empirical research to explore how PR professionals encounter ethical dilemmas posed by AI in real-world practice. These insights aim to enrich academic debate and influence policymaking towards promoting responsible and accountable AI applications within the field of PR.

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